Buck versus Bell Essay example -- Supreme Court Sterilization Essays

Buck versus Bell During the mid twentieth century, the United States was suffering noteworthy social and monetary changes because of its change into a business and mechanical force to be reckoned with. As the requirement for work heightened inside numerous urban zones, a large number of Europeans emigrated from Southern and Eastern Europe with the expectations of underwriting upon these business openings and accomplishing a superior life. All the while, numerous African-Americans moved from the provincial South into significant urban communities, bearing indistinguishable aims from those of the European outsiders. The nearness of these minority bunches created both racial and class fears inside white center and privileged Americans. The intense ethnocentrism coming about because of these feelings of dread, combined with the Social Darwinist ideas of Herbert Spencer, would eventually prod the American selective breeding development. Beginning from the speculations of Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin, selective breeding is the investigation of human heredity and hereditary standards for the reasons for improving humankind by restricting the expansion of deficient genetic supplies. Charles Davenport, the establishing father of the American genetic counseling development, was one of numerous world class Americans pushing for the fuse of the beliefs of this new science into society. Crafted by Davenport, which got known as eugenic standards, would affect government funded training, however a legitimate effect too. By 1931, thirty state assemblies had passed automatic cleansing laws that focused imperfect strains inside everyone, for example, the visually impaired, the hard of hearing, poor people, and the foolish. Virginia, one of these states, held the position that automatic disinfection would not just advantage the overal... ... Individuals With Mental Disabilities: Issues, Points of view, and Cases (Westport CT: Auburn House, 1995) 22. Works Cited Buck v. Chime. 274 U.S. 200, 205. No. 292 US Supreme Ct. 1927. Brantlinger, Ellen. Cleansing of People With Mental Disabilities: Issues, Perspectives, and Cases. Westport CT: Auburn House, 1995. Larson, Edward. Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Macklin, Ruth. Mental Retardation and Sterilization: A Problem of Competency and Paternalism. New York: Plenum Press, 1981. Reilly, Phillip. The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. Shapiro, Thomas. Populace Control Politics: Women, Sterilization, and Reproductive Choice. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985.

Stop Book Banning Free Essays

Stop Book Banning! Should school directors be permitted to boycott books? Obviously not! They are manhandling their capacity of reserving the option to instruct youngsters. They need to boycott a book since it shows the valid past of America, which a few understudies can't deal with. They ought not shield the past; on the off chance that anything they should educate everything concerning the past and disclose to the understudies why the occasions happened. We will compose a custom paper test on Stop Book Banning or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now They ought to comprehend why America did the things it did so they won't be embarrassed about the nation that they live in and they would then be able to guard their nation to anyone attempting to put it down. One explanation overseers ought not be permitted to boycott books is on the grounds that it takes the privilege and opportunity to pick what is perused, away from the guardians and understudies. Doesn’t it state in the principal revision that all individuals have the right to speak freely and the opportunity of the press? By composing a book you are communicating and imparting your insights which is practicing the ability to speak freely, and by writing your words down, you are practicing your opportunity of the press. Why at that point are the school directors attempting to remove our privileges from us? What makes them think they reserve the option to remove our opportunities given to us from the main alteration of the Constitution? The article â€Å"Book Banning Efforts are Up, Poll Finds† by Hillel Italie, says, ‘â€Å"It all stems from a frightfulness of good natured people,† said Michael Gorman, leader of the library affiliation. â€Å"We trust in parental obligation, and that you should deal with what your kids are perusing. Be that as it may, it’s not your duty to mention to an entire class of children what they should peruse. ’ This is stating that yes you do reserve the option to choose what your child peruses, anyway you can't choose what different children should peruse. This likewise applies to the chairmen. They can choose what their child can peruse, however they can't choose what a whole school can or can't peruse. Another motivation to not boycott books is on the grounds that it keeps kids from learning. How might we find out about t he past and the manner in which America was back when the incomparable American writers composed, when the overseers remove the books that show us this, keeping us from learning? How might we learn of the language of the former times when we can't peruse this language? How are we expected to become familiar with the historical backdrop of our precursors and their predecessors when there is a likelihood that managers will boycott the book that will assist us with doing as such? For what reason are the individuals of America letting these heads pull off this remorseless and unreasonable act? The article â€Å"Let Me Poison My Mind with Books† by Craig Pearson states, â€Å"Just like muscles, the cerebrum requires pushups. The more thoughts we open ourselves to the more we devise our own. That’s why training, and subsequently perusing, is so basic, regardless of whether by some people’s account what we read is messy. † People ought to have the option to decide for themselves what they read, and no one else ought to have the option to let them know in an unexpected way. One individual peruses a book and takes in something from that specific book. Notwithstanding, someone else can peruse precisely the same book and take in something totally not quite the same as what the main individual realized. For what reason should this unavoidable truth and learning be removed in light of the fact that one individual peruses a book, takes in something they don’t like from it, and afterward continues to remove that book from others, despite the fact that they will in all probability get the hang of something other than what's expected then what the individual attempting to boycott the book learned? The explanation behind the main individual attempting to boycott the book could be something that another peruser doesn't notice or care about and it along these lines doesn't affect them. So why are individuals so stressed? One contention to my case could be that a few people feel that these books ought to be restricted to shield understudies from revolting and dubious material. However, for what reason should books be restricted to secure one understudy in a school of hundreds, when none of different children or their folks feels that they need that sort of assurance? You can not shield one child from material on the off chance that it implies keeping others from that material. Rather, the child who needs â€Å"protecting† ought to figure out how to secure themselves and decide not to peruse that material that could be unsafe to him/her. Understudies need to figure out how to settle on choices for themselves and restricting material from a library is not the slightest bit helping them learn for themselves. On the off chance that they are protected as long as they can remember, at that point what will happen when they grasp this present reality? In the article â€Å"Did You Ever Meet a Book You Didn’t Like? † by Sharon Coatney, she says, â€Å"That being stated, books are intended to be picked cautiously. A few titles are proper in one circumstance and not in another, for one kid and not another. † I think she says it wonderfully. Each child needs to take a gander at the book, asses it, and ensure it is something that they can and need to peruse. Each book that is made has a reason. This could imply that that book is intended to be perused by a specific child at one point in their life in order to help manage that kid through life. All books get the opportunity to impact a kid’s life, so for what reason would managers need to keep the book from by one way or another helping somebody? Why can’t the chairmen come at the situation from our perspective? On the off chance that the jobs were switched they would feel equivalent to we do. Why at that point do they have no sympathy? Why can’t they accomplish for us what we would accomplish for them? The expression goes, â€Å"Treat others the manner in which you need to be dealt with. † Young youngsters can do it. Why can’t we? Instructions to refer to Stop Book Banning, Essay models

The Strange Ride of Morrowbie

In Rudyard Kipling’s story â€Å"The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes† there are numerous parts of the India’s conventions and customs. However, one custom that is unequivocally present however out the story is the job of the Indian station framework. Inside each character you are taken into the five degrees of the position framework. The rank framework has been available in Indian culture as far back as their history can be followed. The five levels that are available with in the characters in the story are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans (www. suchico. edu) According to Indianchild. com the India position framework is a various leveled society. In the Indian station framework, regardless of where you live or what religion you are everyone is positioned into one of the five levels. The rank framework is regarded and followed by all who live inside the framework. Regardless of where you live everybody realizes their position positioning, and they carry on towards one another as indicated by their positioning. We are first acquainted with Morrowbie, who is a man that is put in the standing framework known as Vaishya.According to Caste System, the Vaishya are known as the Krsi (who are the individuals for develop the nourishment grains), the goraksha (who are the dairy animals security), the vanijyam (who do the exchanging), the Vaisya karma (individuals who work), and svabhavajam (are the individuals who are conceived of his own temperament). The Vaisyas were known as the land-proprietors, cash banks and powerful brokers. Morrowbie is known as a man with instruction and vocation as a structural specialist. Because of his effective profession he is known as a land-proprietor. It is obvious however out the story that Morrowbie is aware of his high class level and the standing degree of the individuals around him.When he first falls into the gap he winds up in the center of a group. He expresses that the individuals are sparsel y dressed and can be related with the Hindu vagabonds (p. 24). As per the Indian station level the vendors are viewed as one level beneath Morrowbie Jukes. You can tell from the way that he talks about them, that he trusts them not to be qualified to be in his essence. Morrowbie proceeds to state how the dealers should give him regard and give him acknowledgment of his quality there. In the story, Morrowbie is appeared to treat the lower station levels as peons to him.While Morrowbie is attempting to purchase nourishment and safe house from Gunga he by and by alludes to the lower class of shippers that encompass him. He states â€Å"One doesn't challenge the doings of a lair of wild mammoths; and my colleagues were lower than any monsters (p. 28). We are then acquainted with Gunga Dass as a man of intensity and status in the limbo of the dead. Gunga Dass is viewed as the most elevated class of the Indian standing framework. As per www. csuchico. edu, Gunga Dass is in the standing d egree of Brahmin. As indicated by Gnome Research Brahmin are individuals from the consecrated class in the Indian framework, and has a place with the upper station society.The Brahmins as portrayed by Indianchild. com is â€Å"Brahman is of the idea of truth, information and interminability. Gunga Dass asserted that he no longer carried on with his life as a Deccanee Brahmin, however he does even now kept up his status in the place where there is the living dead. Despite the fact that Dass states that he denied the Brahmin life, he despite everything is experiencing the job of his standing framework. Gunga turns into the manual for Morrowbie, demonstrating him the methods for the new land and the laws that he should follow. Gunga plays the job of defender similarly as he was in his time on earth. Morrowbie states â€Å"Gunga Dass, whom I had started to view as my normal protector† (p. 7). It is Gunga who sustains the individuals, secures the land, similarly as he was during his life as a Brahmin. He gave Morrowbie asylum and nourishment when he was inquired. He additionally had the information on the land, offering Morrowbie the responses that were appropriate for his own standing level information. When Dass is mentioned by Morrowbie to get the white boy’s body, he states to Morrowbie â€Å"But I am Brahmin, Sahib-a high position Brahmin†. Despite the fact that it appears that Morrowbie has over ventured his station position, it is Dass who is consistently in charge. He is the defender, control, sustains, and all knowing about the place where there is the living dead.We are then acquainted with the white kid that is slaughtered by Gunga. The anonymous kid is viewed as a Harijan in the Indian position framework. As indicated by Caste System in India the Harijan or untouchables; was the least class of the Indian rank framework. They were known as the outcasts of the framework, the individuals who were excessively low fair and square to be viewed as a component of the framework. They were generally sweepers, washers of garments, leatherworkers, and those whose occupation it was to murder creatures (indianchild. com). The killed white kid was portrayed as wearing an olive-green chasing suit that was quite recolored and worn (p. 5). This depiction gives an unmistakable sign that the homicide kid is a tracker, this is thought by the Indian standing framework as an individual who merits no positioning or rights. The kid is never given a name, which shows the irrelevance of his position. Likewise it is his body that is suffocates in the sand trap for no unmistakable explanation. His spirit and body are not really thought about, he is dealt with like an evaporated bit of meat, similarly as he would have been treated during life on earth. We are at last acquainted with Dunnoo, a kid that lives in the Indian station framework called Shudra.The Shudra are customarily individuals that work in administration as slaves or profess ionals of untalented exchanges. Dunnoo is in untalented tradesmen who function as Morrowbie’s hound kid. He is a laborer at Morrowbie’s ranch that watches out for his collies. Despite the fact that Dunnoo is viewed as in the lower class of the position framework, he is believed to be over the untouchables. That is the reason he is utilized as the individual who spares Morrowbie, yet it is never notice of any appreciation from Morrowbie for sparing his life. In â€Å"The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukes† it is clear that the Indian rank framework is utilized in every character activities and manners.The Indian Caste framework is a framework that till this day, has been the foundation of the Indian culture. The characters of this story showed the perspectives of every position framework, yet in addition the convictions of how every station level related with one another. Each character from Morrowbie to the white tracker built up themselves in the undead world equi valent to they lived over the ground. They couldn't have cared less where their bodies were, for living in the position framework you carry on with your full life considerably after death in a similar standing framework.

Prestige in The Crown - Literature Essay Samples

In ‘The Crown’, Carol Ann Duffy explores the prestige and catalogue of duties entailed by queenship through an extended description of a crown. Whilst it cannot be denied that monarchy in the poem is presented as deserving of both awe and respect, the poet’s presentation of the theme is not entirely celebratory as she reveals the trails and difficulties a young Queen must face having inherited the crown. In ‘The Crown’, Duffy explores the misgivings of a newly appointed Queen who feels a conflict between a desire to devote her services to the country, and an apprehension of the duties and profound history attached to wearing the crown. This is demonstrated through the poet’s lack of fixed rhyme scheme and use of free verse used to mirror the Queen’s conflicting attitudes concerning her new royal status. The perfect rhyme between ‘throne’ and ‘alone’ is therefore particularly interesting in breaking from Duffy’s standard lack of rhyme; used to mark out the loneliness and lack of help that comes with status as Queen; which is emphasized through structural positioning of diction ‘alone’ as ending the line. Indeed, the simile comparing the crown to an ‘O like a well’ is particularly interesting in suggestions that the Queen feels overwhelmed in her responsibilities; with the interjection ‘Oâ€℠¢ perhaps linking- on the page- to the first letter of later phrase ‘One head’; suggesting that the responsibilities entailed from queenship are inescapable and claustrophobic. The use of synecdoche here voices the woman’s fears that she feels that her queenly status will reduce her status as a woman. Indeed, compound adjectives such as ‘Time-gifted’ are used frequently throughout the poem in order to convey a Queen attempting to come to terms with unfamiliar duties. In particular, the term ‘blood-deep’ suggests that the Queen’s worries are less fickle than previously assumed, and stem from her distaste of the bloody history attached to the throne. Such is an idea furthered in the closing lines of the first stanza ‘from skulls of kings/ to living Queen’; with the end-stop and structural break between the stanzas marking out a speaker perhaps pausing in horror at the role she will subsequently assume. Indeed, the poetà ¢â‚¬â„¢s use of enjambment here- and indeed throughout the rest of the poem- perhaps adds a critical tone through suggesting that the Queen, through wearing the crown, will merely be continuing a tradition entrenched in misogyny and violence. Indeed the anaphora of the phrase ‘The crown’ in the first line and title reinforces the strenuous responsibility the Queen will take on, and the definite article ‘the’ paired with the fact it takes an active role in the semantics as ‘translates’ the woman’s status perhaps implies that she cannot escape her mounting responsibility and is forced to adopt the role as Queen. The form of declarative is one frequently employed by the poet to perhaps convey the woman’s resigned acceptance at her fated royalty; a particularly compelling example being one deeming the crown a measure to value ‘decades and duty’, with the alliterated ‘d’ and prior caesura further highlighting the Queen’s mounting realization of the struggles attached to her newfound status as monarch. A plethora of commas, end-stops and other versions of punctuation is used throughout to create a rational, logical tone as the Queen attempts to console herself and quietly accept the duties she will come to handle. Despite the poem being one largely aimed at implicitly critiquing royal tradition, the poet also makes a point of marking out the monarchical system as deserving of respect. Such is demonstrated through the catalogue of references to precious gems in the final stanzas from ‘emerald evergreen’ to ‘sapphire’ to ‘ruby’ used to imply that the British monarchy should be both treasured and respected. Indeed, to personify the jewels with a variety of characteristics from ‘shy’ to ‘loyalty’ to ‘resilience’ is suggestive of the great talent and complex personality required to cope with queenship, as does the term ‘history’s bride’ used to describe the queen; with the caesura distinguishing it from the rest of the line suggesting that the Queen’s place in history will be celebrated. Nonetheless, the bathetic antithesis between an religious language of ‘anointed, blessed’ to des cribe the crowning, and bleak image of the crown as ‘a hollow thing†¦ a measuring’ represents a dissonance between public perceptions of the grandeur associated with royalty, and the plight of the royals having been forced to take up such weighted responsibility. This is mirrored in the structure of the poem, with the split of two stanzas with irregular line lengths representing the dichotomy between the perceptions of royals in the public sphere; and the genuine personalities and characters of the individuals. Indeed, the movement into first person through possessive determiner ‘my’ as shunned to the end of the poem perhaps suggests that the Queen feels so confined by her royal status that is at risk of loosing a sense of personal identity. This is an idea reinforced as she is only referred to regal title ‘The Queen’ throughout rather than a personal name; highlighting the negative capacity of royal tradition to erase the individual chara cters of those involved. The simplicity of the closing declarative ‘not lightly worn.’ is reinforced with an end-stop in order to convey the sense of a woman bracing herself for the future struggles she will face as monarch; and to both begin and end the poem on descriptions of the crown implies that she feels prepared- despite her apprehension- to wholly exert herself into her royal identity as Queen. In conclusion, Duffy in ‘The Crown’ presents an extended critique of British monarchy: whilst moments of prestige and grandeur are highlighted, this fails to utterly appease the negative and destructive effects that royalty is proven to have on not only an external society; but also those directly involved.

The Mystery Of The Myth - 925 Words

The myth is the belief that some languages just aren’t good enough because they do not fulfill certain criteria. Criteria such as not being able to act as a medium of speech to express new ideas, to speak of science, to speak of high literature, and to be used internationally without having to borrow vocabulary from other languages. English is probably the most infamous case of this myth being false. As we know it English is probably one of the most widely spoken languages. English has the ability to clearly express ones ideas, converse scientific terms, and speak of high literature. However many of English’s vocabulary are borrowed from Latin, French, and many other languages. Under the criteria of those that believe that some languages are not good enough, English is not good enough as a language since it borrows vocabulary from other languages. But this is not true since English is a very prominent language and is very able to express new ideas of all kinds. Another famous example that can be used to debunking this myth would be in the case of Latin. When Latin first arose the Greek’s believed that Latin just wasn’t good enough to be able to express complex thoughts. However as we know today this is terribly false. Latin was one of the most wide spread languages that we know of today. Latin was also at one time a lingua franca. It was used as a common language between speaks of different native languages to express ideas. Not only was Latin used in science,Show MoreRelatedAmerican Myths and Mysteries Essay2813 Words   |  12 Pagesinteresting mysteries that have not been solved and myths passed down from generation to generation. No one knows what caused these myths to come about or why these mysteries were never solved, but they are a very interesting part of American history. From mysteries involving serial killers to myths about mysterious creatures, there is a wide range of the unknown that many people, except for witnesses, have never heard about. Now let’s take a look into some of the most fantastic myths and mysteries in AmericaRead MoreThe Struggle to Gain Equality: A Study of Native American Woman in Literature1678 Words   |  7 PagesRespect Frees Women from Inequality In Woman: Myth and Reality, Simone De Beauvoir describes the myth of the Eternal Feminine which creates inequality between men and women. In The Four Idols, Francis Bacon uses the four idols of the tribe, the cave, the marketplace, and the theater to show how humans understanding and intelligence hinders their knowledge of nature. In The Origin of Civil Society, Jean-Jacques Rousseau concludes that the Social Contract benefits those who are not strongRead MoreMyths And Myths Of Myths856 Words   |  4 Pagesthus spurring a debate on what it is that myths actually mean and what they should teach us. It seems that myths and mythology should create both independent and creative thought while solidifying the culture/s that the myth is designed thus creating both a sense of individuality and community with in the world. When fundamentally broken down mythology is a collection of stories (myths) that usually belong to a specific culture or religious group. Myths then can be broken down in to sets of storiesRead MoreMythology vs Natural World: How mythology helped to explain aspects of the natural world to the ancient Greeks1289 Words   |  6 PagesGreek myths are all that s left of the ancient Greek religion, in which beauty, poetry, and creative activities were a vital part of the tradition. Centuries ago, the Greeks created numerous stories and poems, which are still being shared today, that showed their view of the world that existed not only in the mind of the Greek poets, but in the hearts of the humble and long suffering natives of ancient Greece. From the stories of the Olympians, to heroes greatest adventures and from romantic storiesRead MoreStonehenge And Most Common Myths Of Stonehenge1090 Words   |  5 Pagespyramids, and many other ancients’ structures. Stonehenge is one of the oldest unsolved mysteries in the world. The ancient stone is located in Wiltshire, England. English Heritage organization is the responsible for looking after the monu ments included with the Stonehenge. People always ask how come a monument was built before 3000 B.C. with naked hands. In this paper, the history of Stonehenge and most common myths of Stonehenge will be discussed in brief lines. Then, what the author thinks StonehengeRead MoreChinese and Greek Mythology1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe universe which ultimately resulted in the establishment of religions, beliefs and most pertinent, creation myths. Mythology provides explanations for the worlds mysteries especially in regards to the creation of Earth, Humans and the environment. This comparative paragraph analyzes the similarities and differences between a Greek myth entitled, The Beginning of Things, and a Chinese myth named, Heaven and Earth and Man, contrasted in the aspects of conflict, solutions, heroic action, and the educationRead MoreChristopher Columbus s Discovery Of The Disoriented Magnetic Compass Off The South Eastern Coast Of United States1030 Words   |  5 Pagesoceani c research articles, I have found that the media overwhelms the general public with dramatic myth stories in such a way that the truth rarely makes it to readers. Scientist have now proven a methane gas hypothesis has been a major contributor to ships and planes losing their density needs. C. Thesis Statement: In understanding the science behind releasing gas from the oceanic floor, finally myths are put to rest. D. Tie to the Audience: History has been lost as people disappeared travelingRead MoreComplex Characters In The Arthurian Legend : Merlin And Taliesin767 Words   |  4 Pagesversion to version, creating confusion about their origin and roles in stories. Merlin, the wondrous and wise magician, and Taliesin, the inspirational historian and all-knowing bard, are some of the most versatile individuals in the stories. The mysteries of Merlin, Taliesin and their significance impact the Arthurian legend and literature. Merlin, also referred to as Merlinus or Myrddin, is a major and essential character in the legends. He is a well known sorcerer, seer and prophet . He isRead MoreThe Importance Of Native American Storytelling1001 Words   |  5 Pagesnever want the younger generation to forget where they come from. In Native American storytelling there were many myths told. The myths are like folk tales they focus on normal people other than gods. In the myths most of the characters are often not named. The Native Americans focused more on the plot of the story and not just the characters themselves. Animals were commonly used in myths because they were thought to be very spiritual. The four direction showed up in the stories literally or symbolicallyRead MoreTrickster-God-Creator1433 Words   |  6 PagesCoyote of Native North American traditions is often depicted as assisting the â€Å"Great Mystery† or â€Å"Great Spirit† in the creating and populating of the world (Leeming). In the Greek myths Hermes is initially a sly infant who captures a tortoise with his untruths and fashions the first lyre from its shell, but eventually transitions to a place amongst the Olympic pantheon as the messenger of the gods. In the Norse myths of the Scandinavian countries, Loki is a mischievous nuisance, nonetheless responsible

The Human Body Is A Very Complex System In Which Thrives

The human body is a very complex system in which thrives off of several different homeostatic balances. When the regulation of internal conditions doesn’t remain stable or constant it is referred to as a homeostatic imbalance, which is usually connected to a certain disease or disorder. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type two is a metabolic disorder where the body does not use insulin sufficiently and is usually referred to as insulin deficient. It is the most common form of diabetes and is, in most cases, not inevitable. This disease is said to be the oldest disease known and dates back 3000 years ago before a distinction was discovered between the different types. There are several things in which are secondary and or come hand in hand with†¦show more content†¦Most people that have DM type two suffer from obesity and have and abundance of intra-abdominal obesity (visceral fat). It is common for these patients to exhibit low levels HDL-cholesterol (good cholesterol) an d high levels of LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol). Having high levels of LDL-cholesterol promotes a buildup of plaque in the arteries and can result in a heart disease or even a stroke. The prevention of DM is not always inevitable as most cases are seen in people who live sedentary lives; high fat and carbohydrate consumption as well as no physical activity to promote weight loss. Even though the majority could potentially be prevented, there are still cases in which people are predisposed due to a family history of this disease and or obesity. Although obesity is the main cause of connection to this type of diabetes there are some cases where the patient is not obese but may exhibit an increased amount of body fat that is distributed amongst the abdominal region in which could cause the insulin resistance. Smoking in a normal person increases the likelihood for circulation problems, stroke and heart disease but when someone with a compromised immune system such as T2DM it ca n double the risk for all of these health issues as well as organ failures and dysfunctions. The consumption of alcohol raises the blood sugarShow MoreRelatedCo-Evolving with Our Microbiome1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea that humans have power over our health has a long history in American popular culture. We tend to believe we are the masters of our own destiny and can solve the problems of our internal workings according to our will, power of positive thinking, upbeat attitude or a fighting spirit however we cannot ignore our living environment and the organisms that co-exist among us. As it turns out, we share our bodies with an unimaginably vast array of organisms that seem to play a substantial roleRead MoreA Complex Adaptive System ( Cas )1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdirection to have a competitive edge within the industry they best identify with. In light of this, conflicts are sometimes very challenging to comprehend, and theorists have also questioned the nature of the whole system to which all these complicating factors contribute. Many experts and scholars have argued that all these developments are characterized by a Complex Adaptive System (CAS). Most organizations are engulfed in planning activities such as formalized planning sessions that are of a strategicRead MoreThree Studies on Climate Change1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthe study conducted by Helmuth and his team investigated the effect of increased global temperatures on the body temperatures of organisms, which is ultimately capable of altering their physiological activities and functioning. The team used a heat budget model to collect data in relation to mussel body temperature at three different tidal elevations along the coast of California, all of which are also exposed to different ambient temperatures, light intensity, wind patterns, waves, and tide timingRead MoreHow The Body s Health Defenses Or Immunity?1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Body s Health Defenses or Immunity Envision a nation that lacks a competent army to guard itself against invaders and intruders. Or consider what might happen to your crucial documents and files if you left your computer with virtually no competent defense against malwares and worms. In just about any imaginable situation, we know all too well that trying to keep things defenseless is like walking on a tightrope of potential disaster. Exactly the same holds true with the human body, a systemRead MoreCerebral Hemispheres : Connection And Separation1487 Words   |  6 Pagesconnection and separation The human brain is divided in two different symmetrical parts, the hemispheres, which are connected by the corpus callosum – this connection enables us to engage in higher cognitive processes (Rogers, Zucca Vallortigara, 2004). Evolution provided us with the capacity to benefit from lateralization, allowing us to perform well while involved in two completely different tasks simultaneously. Furthermore, the plasticity of the brain makes it easy to thrive in extreme situations,Read MoreAmerican Healthcare : A Unique And Complex1415 Words   |  6 PagesEscape Fire Gabrielle Lester-Lubrano Southeastern Louisiana University College of Nursing and Health Sciences School of Nursing N479-90I April 27, 2016 â€Æ' American healthcare is very unique and complex. Escape Fire does a great job at trying to uncover the truths of healthcare in the United States (U.S.). According to Collins, Gunja, and Beutel (2015), 10.4 percent of the U.S. population, or 33 million people, were uninsured in 2014. This is a decrease from 2013 when 13.3 percent of AmericansRead More Feeding Your Brain Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagespulled countless all nighters; my body and brain fueled only by coffee, chocolate and pizza, in order finish a paper or study for an exam. As a result, I may have done better on the paper or test, but I was being very unkind to my body and brain. In terms of nutrition, it is important to think of the brain as just another organ in the body. The food and other substances we put into our bodies affect our behavior, mood, thoughts and emotions. The brain responds very quickly to proper nutrition. HoweverRead MoreMicrobial Communities Found Within the Human Body.1451 Words   |  6 Page sMicroscopic studies of the human body have found that microbial cells greatly outnumber somatic cells with National Institutes of Health estimating the figure to be around 90%; these either being bacterial, fungal or otherwise non-human. Even though DNA sequencing techniques have allowed scientists to analyse the structures components and functions of some of these normal microbiota, a large fraction of them still remain unstudied and so therefore we have not yet understood the full extent as toRead MoreChallenges for a New Nurse751 Words   |  4 Pagesthis is a far cry from the daily grind of patient care. Having to learn the complex daily routines of a floor or specialty care unit, along with numerous drugs used, dealing with family members, and problem-solving can overwhelm a new nurse. So, how to cope? First, take a deep breath. Be ready to make mistakes, because you will. Forgive yourself. Try to limit mistakes, and not repeat them. But do realize you are human and have realistic expectations for yourself. Next, try to emulate thoseRead MoreDurkheim1434 Words   |  6 Pagessolidarity. Organic Solidarity can be defined as â€Å"a state of interdependency created by the specialization of roles in which individuals and institutions become acutely dependent on others in a complex division of labor† (Index 1). On the other hand you have Mechanical Solidarity which according to â€Å"Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) to refer to a state of community bonding or interdependency which rests on a similarity of beliefs and values, shared activities, and ties of kinship and cooperation† (index 1). Both

Analysis of Cryptocurrency Marketplace †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Cryptocurrency Marketplace. Answer: Introduction Cryptocurrency refers to any digital asset that is designed to work as exchange medium using cryptographic methods to secure transactions (Dictionary.cambridge.org 2017). Cryptocurrencies also help in controlling the creation of additional currency units. These are considered to be a part of digital currencies, virtual currencies and alternative currencies. In this report is investigated the increasing use of cryptocurrency. This report analyses the growing industry of cryptocurrencies and the effect of it on the global scenario. The report will discuss the origin of the concept of these currencies and three such cryptocurrencies. In the following report, a paper on Bitcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto is discussed which discusses the origin of cryptocurrencies. This report goes on to draw comparisons on the capabilities and resources needed by personal and commercial users to mine such cryptocurrencies and sheds light on the viability and costs of bitcoin. This report further discusses the t hreat that these cryptocurrencies pose to the financial organizations that deal with hard currency, the ways in which these currencies are put to use by people with a criminal mindset. The report ends with the interest taken by the government of China in cryptocurrencies and implications of the same all around the globe. The cryptocurrency system is decentralized and is produced collectively by the total cryptocurrency system. A group or an individual named Satoshi Nakamoto created the underlying basic technical system of cryptocurrencies (Lemieux 2013). In case of cryptocurrencies, production is gradually decreased until there is a capping on the total amount of currencies circulating in the cloud. There are a number of such cryptocurrencies in use these days like Bitcoins, Ethereum, Litecoins, Auroracoins and many other such currencies. Background discussion based on a paper by Satoshi Nakamoto Cryptocurrency came into the being with the need of trusted third parties in the e-commercial financial transactions other than the existing financial institutions that deal in hard currency. The cost of transactions increase with the mediation cost involved in the transactions. There would be a certain amount of fraudulent practices that are unavoidable in case of electronic payments. The uncertainties of electronic payments can be avoided by making payments using physical currency. In case of electronic payments there must be present a trusted third party. Thus, a transaction medium is needed that allows willing parties the scope of engaging in a direct transaction between themselves without the need of any third party (Bitcoin.org 2017). These electronic payments are made using electronic coins that can be defined a digital signature chain. The coins are passed from owner to owner by digitally signing the previous transaction hash and the public key of the next owner. The payee has the freedom to verify the signatures but not the fact that the coin has not been doubly spent by the previous owner. This problem can be solved only if the parties involved are made aware of all the transaction history. The solution provided to the problem discussed is a timestamp server. The server works by widely publishing the hash of a certain block of things. A system of proof-of-work is needed to implement the distributed timestamp server. This also helps in solving the problem of deciding the representation of majority in decision-making. In case of hacking, a hacker needs to redo the proofs-of-work for all the blocks in order to actual nodes. There should be a properly run network that would track the progress of the node. In case of discrepancies the longer node is followed. There should be incentives for the nodes to remain honest towards the transaction. Any hacker who is greedy for more coins should find playing by the rules more profitable than adopting unfair means. The spent transactions of a certain bock should be removed after regular intervals to ensure saving of enough disk space to continue transactions. There are ways to provide for verification of payments made by a user. The user cannot check the transaction by himself but can find out whether the following nodes have accepted the transaction after linking the transaction to some place in the network chain. The verification of the transaction is deemed reliable as long as the network is controlled by the honest nodes in the chain. It becomes vulnerable if the network is controlled by a hacker. There are at least two outputs for every transaction. One output is dedicated towards payment while the other is used to produce returns towards the sender if there is any. Privacy of transactions can be maintained by keeping some of the publics keys of the transactions anonymous. A separate key pair should be used to prevent transactions to be linked to a common owner. Linking the other transactions could be traced back to belonging to one IP address if the owner of the key is revealed. Capabilities and resources required by small-scale and large-scale cryptocurrency users to mine the currencies In modern times, people find investing in equipment of digital currency mining profitable. They may set up the equipment and then spend months to mine the currencies while waiting for their investment return to set in. There are certain coins that are found to be profitable in terms of cost-benefit of the beginners. The mining of cryptocurrencies may be worth in case of it being a hobby but not for the sake of being a secondary income. Cryptocurrencies may generate a small income of almost a couple of dollars daily. Some of the cryptocurrencies such as Feathercoins, Dogecoins and Litecoins are easier to mine. A significant amount of profit can be earned from cryptocurrency mining only if a huge amount is invested into the business. Mining cryptocurrencies generally aim to provide for bookkeeping of coins. It aims to reward the miners for their accounting services. It tries to keep the miners costs down. There are a few things required for the mining of cryptocurrencies apart from high levels of curiosity on the part of the miner. Coin base A coin base is a database that is free and private (Marian 2013). It is a container that is protected by a password. It stores a miners earnings and keeps a ledger of the transactions held from all over the network. Mining software package A miner needs to have access to a free software package for mining (Cryptosource.org 2017). This mining software must be built of stratum and cgminer. Mining pool membership The miner must have a membership of an online pool for mining. This is a miners community in which miners combine and link their computers to gain an increment in the profitability and stability of income. Currency exchange membership The miner must be a member of an online forum of currency exchange. This would enable them to exchange their conventional cash for virtual coins and vice versa. Internet connectivity The miner needs to be connected to a high speed internet connection that is reliable. An ideal internet connection for mining cryptocurrencies should function at a speed of 2 megabits per second or higher. Hardware setup A miner needs to possess a cool location for setting up the hardware and a cooling system for cooling the computer as and when required. A custom-made computer or desktop is required for mining. It is recommended to abstain from using the current working computer of the miner because the miner may not be able to use the system for any other purposes while the mining is under process. The miner would also need a mining ASIC chip. This chip would provide the accounting services and the mining works. The miner needs a motherboard with three PCI-E slots for video cards (Cryptosource.org 2017). Bitcoins, on the other hand, can be mined by the large scale users only. The mining process involves a series of steps. These steps finally help encouraging the miners to compete with each other to come up with hashes that help meet the needed criteria. The miners of Bitcoin use a specific kind of software to solve mathematical problems. They are issued Bitcoins in exchange for the solved problems. This helps in providing a smarter way of issuing the currency thereby creating incentives for a larger number of people to mine the currencies. Cryptocurrency Introduction date Values Market trends Bitcoin 3rd January, 2009 1 bitcoin = around 4214.41 USD Prices have gone higher since October, 2015 (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Litecoin 7th October, 2011 1 litecoin = around 51 USD Prices have gone higher since May, 2017 but have been fluctuating in the past 30 days (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Ethereum 30th July, 2015 1 ethreum = around 292.3 USD Prices have gone higher since April, 2017 but have been fluctuating in the past 90 days (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Costs and viability of bitcoin mining Bitcoins have been the first decentralized cryptocurrency that has been fully implemented. It is owned or controlled by no one and is open-source (Bitcoin.org 2017). The e-payments through these cryptocurrencies are facilitated based on validation and mathematical proof. Bitcoins can be exchanged for other services, products and currencies and vice-versa. These transactions are direct and take place between two users. Though fast, these transactions are irreversible in nature. These are transparent transactions yet anonymous In the present day scenario, it has become necessary for national banks to develop their own cryptocurrencies. The People's Bank of China, a national bank of China is on its way to become the first nationalized bank to develop as well as run a digital currency of its own. There are reports that suggest the use of some prototypes of the transactions between the national digital currency and some commercial banks of the country. In the present day scenario, though, China is reported to have banned the initial coin offerings or ICOs (Forbes.com 2017). This ban has hurt the local operators mostly. Cryptocurrencies may lead to eradication of the need for the financial organizations dealing with hard currencies (Bollen 2013). An increase in the number of users of cryptocurrencies is expected in near future. Thus it can be predicted that there will be a substantial amount of decline in the number of payments made and received through conventional methods. During recent times, there has been a rise in the number of criminal activities involving cryptocurrencies. Criminals prefer the cryptocurrencies due to the provision of irreversible and private payment windows (Bitcoin.org 2017). PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces model The following table provides a PESTEL analysis of Bitcoin, the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Political analysis No government body is in control of this currency. Financial institutions of many countries of the world are barred from accepting these cryptocurrencies (Heid 2013). There are some countries like Canada, United States and EU that are considered Pro-bitcoin. Transactions involving bitcoins are generally allowed between two private parties. Economic analysis Market capitalization of bitcoins extends beyond 0.008% of the global GDP of 78 trillion dollars which amounts to almost 6 billion dollars. There exist 21 million bitcoins in the present days with almost 15359800 of the total number in circulation. The ability of the federal government of conducting monetary policies remain unaffected by the cryptocurrencies (Brenig, Accorsi, and Mller 2015). Bitcoin is widely used in the global market by more than 88000 merchants. Socio-cultural analysis The driving force behind the popularity of the cryptocurrencies is the anonymity of operations (Clarke and Tooker 2017). These cryptocurrencies have wide range of reaches and helps in savings by skipping the cost of processing that can be incurred in the traditional payment methods. The increase in the number of merchants adopting this technology of payment results in the increase of the number of customers availing the same. Technological analysis Block chains or the public ledger of Bitcoins need to be leveraged Environmental analysis An increase in the requirement of computational power is experienced with the growth of demand of the cryptocurrencies. Miners try and find alternative sources of electricity such as the cheap variety of coal in old places of production (Zohar 2015). Bitcoin is associated with 1.5 tonnes of carbon-dioxide emission. Legal analysis Any kind of regulatory measures against Bitcoins are hindered due to the decentralized nature of the cryptocurrency (Chuen 2015). This legal scenario is on its way to change. Many countries like USA, EU and Canada are working on measures to impost regulations on the cryptocurrency usage. In order to sustain itself in the market, a cryptocurrency must follow the five forces model of management by Porter. According to this model, the threats to the business due to new entrants must be removed. The threats due to the substitutes present in the market must also be removed. A business firm must be aware of the rivalry intensity among the other firms functioning in similar businesses. The firm should also keep an eye on the power of bargaining of the customers and the suppliers (E. Dobbs 2014; Rothaermel 2015). Conclusion Despite the issues and challenges faced, the landscape and scope of cryptocurrencies are still on its way of evolution. In the present day, cryptocurrencies are almost in the same footing as the concept of internet was back in the year 1990. The concept is in its formative stages and would need to go through a number of changes to be established as an alternate transaction method for the common man. Bitcoins may have earned the title of the first ever decentralized cryptocurrency but it might not be able to earn for itself the title of one of the major future cryptocurrencies. Despite its shortcomings, the open technology platform of bitcoins has been the forerunner of a smoother and more seamless digital economy globally. References Bitcoin.org 2017. [online] Available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Bitcoin.org 2017.Bitcoin - Open source P2P money. [online] Bitcoin.org. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Bitcoin.org 2017.Press - Bitcoin. [online] Bitcoin.org. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/press [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Bollen, R., 2013. The legal status of online currencies: are bitcoins the future?.Browser Download This Paper. Brenig, C., Accorsi, R. and Mller, G., 2015, May. Economic Analysis of Cryptocurrency Backed Money Laundering. InECIS. Chuen, D.L.K. ed., 2015.Handbook of digital currency: Bitcoin, innovation, financial instruments, and big data. Academic Press. Clarke, C. and Tooker, L., 2017. Social finance meets financial innovation: contemporary experiments in payments, money and debt.Theory, Culture Society. Cryptosource.org 2017.Part 1: Hardware Requirements. [online] CryptoSource. Available at: https://cryptosource.org/mining/hardware-requirements/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Cryptosource.org 2017.Part 2: Software Requirements. [online] CryptoSource. Available at: https://cryptosource.org/mining/software-requirements/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Dictionary.cambridge.org 2017.cryptocurrency Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. [online] Dictionary.cambridge.org. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cryptocurrency [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Forbes.com 2017.Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/09/06/chinas-ico-ban-doesnt-mean-its-giving-up-on-crypto-currencies/#7d3c90767aeb [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Heid, A., 2013. Analysis of the Cryptocurrency Marketplace.Retrieved February,15, p.2014. Lemieux, P., 2013. Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto?.Regulation,36(3), p.14. Marian, O.Y., 2013. Are Cryptocurrencies' Super'Tax Havens?. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Bitcoin price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/bitcoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Ethereum price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/litecoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Litecoin price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/litecoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Zohar, A., 2015. Bitcoin: under the hood.Communications of the ACM,58(9), pp.104-113.

Introduction Hyper Inflation Has Plagued Most Of The Worlds Developin

Introduction Hyper inflation has plagued most of the world's developing countries over the past decades. Countries in the industrialised world, too, have at times duelled with dangerously high inflation rates in the post WWII era. With varying degrees of success, all have employed great efforts to bring their inflation rates within acceptable limits. Generally, a moderate rate of inflation has been the ultimate goal. More recently, however, a few countries have pursued policies that strive to eradicate inflation altogether through complete price stability. This has proven to be a contentious enterprise, which clearly indicates that there is still no universally accepted solution to the inflation problem. Indeed, there is not even an agreed consensus regarding the source of inflation itself. The monetarist perception that the root of inflation is solely the excessive creation of money remains. So too does the belief that inflation originates in the labour market. And amongst a variety of others, the opinion that inflation "serves the critical social purpose of resolving incompatible demands by different groups" is also strong. This last, and more widely accepted, case shows that the problem is hardly a technical one; but rather a political one. It highlights the now unquestionable fact that politics and inflation are inextricably linked. And as with all inherently political issues, consensus is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. But, political characteristics do provide flexibility. In some countries, high rates of inflation have clearly been compatible with rapid economic growth and fast rising standards of living. In such cases, it is quite reasonable to suggest that higher rates of inflation are acceptable--perhaps even necessary. In this setting, it is by no means clear that pursing a policy to stop moderate inflation is either required, or in the best interests of the mass of the population at all. While inflation guarantees that some will gain at th e expense of others, the redistributions of income and wealth which do take place can, on normal value grounds, be quite desirable. In other circumstances, it may be quite desirable to place strict controls on inflation, or strive to keep it at ?zero' level. Policies aimed at virtual price stability have been in use by central banks in Europe, New Zealand, and Canada over the past few years. Such policies have been particularly focused in Canada. As noted by Pierre Fortin, "the only objective the Bank of Canada has pursued since 1989 has been to establish and maintain the inflation rate at ?zero level', which it sees as a CPI inflation rate that is clearly below two percent" (italic added). To the surprise of many, it has been incredibly successful, achieving its objective several years before schedule. Although separated by only a few percentage points, Canada's policy is a sharp contrast to the moderate and balanced approach used in the U.S. "Since 1989 the Federal Reserve has bee n satisfied with achieving an inflation rate of around 3 percent. In setting the interest rate, it has continued to pay explicit attention to real economic growth and employment, with the result that the U.S. unemployment rate is currently in the 5 to 6 percent range." Based on this statistic alone, it can be argued that the more moderate U.S. approach has enjoyed greater success than the deflation oriented policy pursued by the Bank of Canada: Canada continues to be burdened with a higher rate of unemployment. Yet, it continues to believe that the unemployment costs of low inflation are ?transitory and small' . The directors of most European Central Banks also continue to support this dogma. Clearly, the credibility of the "classical idea that the Phillips trade off between inflation and unemployment disappears in the long run" is still very high throughout the world. But, in Canada, as in most of Europe, the waiting continues. This is not to suggest that the waiting game has been silent and entirely pleasant. Indeed, the relative lack (or lag!) of success of zero inflation policies and strict price controls has spurred much heated debate. As a case in point, more people are curious why Canada has exclusively focused on inflation cutting and turned a blind eye to the more balanced, and arguably more successful, approach adopted by the

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool Did you know that  Forbes.com reports that the Department of Education has awarded almost $250 million in an effort to ensure that development of early education programs, preschool, continue to best serve children from low- and moderate-income families? This is one example of the Presidents long-standing plan to offer free, universal pre-school for these families. However, President Trumps latest budget for 2019 education appears to be reducing funding   for schools. As we know, in President Obamas 2013 State of the Union address he unveiled his plan for universal Pre-K or pre-kindergarten education for four-year-olds. His plan would guarantee kids whose household income is at or below 200% of the poverty line a free pre-K education with local schools and local partners, and their teachers would have the same training as K-12 teachers. In addition, the programs would offer many of the benefits of private school pre-kindergarten programs, including small class sizes, high adult-to-child ratios, and assessment of the programs provided. The program would also expand the number of full-day kindergarten programs available. Unease in Regards to the Future of Early Childhood Education However, despite these advancements, there is unease as a result of the new leadership of our nation coming; many people are unsure about the future of early childhood programs. Betsy DeVos has been chosen by President Donald Trump to take on the role of Education Secretary, and her position on pre-school funding is not clear; the same can be said for the President. As a result, there are some who are uncomfortable with the uncertainty, and the latest budget developments are not alieviating fears.   Why Pre-Kindergarten is So Important While many private schools offer high-quality pre-kindergarten programs and full-day kindergartens, providing enriching educational opportunities for children under age 6, many children who attend public schools, particularly children living in poverty, do not have access to these programs. According to the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 28% of 4-year-olds were enrolled in a pre-kindergarten program in the 2011-2012 school year, which represents an increase over the 14% of four-year-olds who did so in 2002. Yet, pre-kindergarten programs are critical to children’s long-term success, and experts at NIEER have documented that children who have been enrolled in high-quality pre-kindergarten programs enter kindergarten with better vocabularies and more advanced pre-reading and math skills than children who don’t have access to these programs. Kids enrolled in pre-k programs aren’t just learning how to recognize letters and numbers; they are also learning critical social skills and the importance of working independently in the classroom. Through high-quality pre-k programs, they develop the confidence to take on more advanced classroom work. Many children struggle with social skills and behavioral problems in kindergarten, and many children are even kicked out of kindergarten. Pre-kindergarten programs are essential in teaching kids the social skills they need for later grades, not just the academic skills. Pre-K Benefits Last a Lifetime The benefits of pre-kindergarten education last well beyond kindergarten. According to research conducted by NIEER, there are amazing long-term economic benefits from early childhood education for children in poverty. For example, life-time earnings of some children increase by hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the economics benefits of these programs outweigh the costs by a factor of up to 16 (in some programs). In addition, such programs show that participants have lower crime rates and decreased rates of welfare dependence as adults, so the benefits of early childhood education can last a lifetime. According to the White House Fact Sheet on Obama’s educational plan, children from low-income families are less likely to have access to pre-kindergarten programs, and middle-class families also struggle to afford private pre-school programs, yet these programs are critical to children’s long-term school success. Children from low-income families who are not reading at grade level by third grade are six times less likely to graduate from high school. According to the Fact Sheet from the White House, only 60% of American children have access to full-day kindergarten programs, yet these programs are also essential to teaching children skills critical skills for later academic success. Pre-kindergarten programs are a promising way to reduce adult poverty in this country and to provide the essential skills workers need as adults. Working with at-risk children in the primary or middle school years may be too late, and while private schools offer high-quality pre-school and early education programs, research studies have documented the need to expand these programs to state-funded programs across the country. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

LOU Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LOU Survey - Essay Example n; Level III – state of mechanical use; Level IV A – state of routine; Level IV B – state of refinement; Level V – state of integration; Level VI – state of renewal. The behavior of the majority of the users or specific groups of users will dictate the decision of the organization on the terms of intervention, planning and preparation for the technology or technologies that they will have to adopt. Orr and Mrazek (2008) have used the LoU along with Stages of Concern (CoN) to assess the â€Å"professional growth of among the professionals pursuing graduate course work in educational technology† (p. 2) at the University of Lethbridge in Alberta, Canada. What they did was to formulate statements that describe the level of their use or the extent of their confidence with respect to their manner of using technologies instead of just labeling the choices with numbers similar to a Likert scale. This was deemed much better since the respondents will not be biased in their answers. Examples of the statements used in their study are as follows: I really don’t know anything about this technology, or am not sure that it would be useful for my classes – to reflect level 0; I am collaborating with colleagues to develop ways in which we can use this technology to better meet our common objectives for our classes – to reflect level V; and finally I still use this technology, but I am exploring other technologies to replace it that will better meet the objectives for my classes – to reflect level VI. The interpretation of the data gathered from this survey is a simple computation of the mean, median and standard deviation of the responses of the respondents. The data gathered will of course reflect the common technologies being used by the respondents and what they do not know how to use or what they don’t use. This will somehow provide insight on what technologies they need to be trained on and the possible technologies that would be practically fit for

International Financial institution and markets Essay

International Financial institution and markets - Essay Example The report seeks to identify various factors which are considered as of advantage as well as of disadvantage for the UK to enter into such an agreement of currency union. It also deals with whether the Euro could substitute the US dollar as the major currency in the global market. 2 Euro is considered to be a currency that is widely used by the European Union Institutions and it is said to be the official currency for euro zone. Euro zone comprises 18 member states out of the 28 member states that is said to constitute the European Union such as Spain, Slovenia, Netherlands, Malta, Portugal, Luxembourg, Greece, Germany, France, Finland, Estonia to name a few. There are also other five European countries that use the currency Euro and as a consequence is said to be used by 334 million Europeans currently. Moreover it is considered that 210 million people across the universe including 182 million from Africa use currencies that are said to be pegged to the currency euro. Euro is considered to be the second largest reserve currency in the globe after the US dollar. It is also considered as the second most traded currency in the universe after the US dollar. Euro is considered to be a single currency arrangement which came into force between members of European Uni on in the year 1999. The implication of a single currency is that there are no different national monetary policies. In this regard, the Central Bank of Europe was set up which used to conduct wide monetary policy and also sets the interest rates in Europe. This resulted into a loss of different national monetary policies, exchange rates, and interest rates. In this regard, the intention of Germany to introduce an economic policy to fight against unemployment is considered as very difficult as this role can only be played by the European Central Bank. There are numerous advantages to sector of financial services with regard to Britain joining the Euro. In the absence of floating exchange rate, the relative

Mountain Due Case Essay Example for Free

Mountain Due Case Essay What changes in the environment provided the opportunity for the Dewmocracy approach? The opportunities that created the environment was a new wave of marketing normal TV ads and news papers and magazines were not being as affective. So with the millennium wave, dewmocracy starting using internet and especially social media such as blogs, twitter, facebook, MySpace etc. Mountain Dew decided to focus on the customers they already had and harnesses their passion for mountain dew. Which of the promotional elements described in Figure 17-2 were used by Mountain Dew in its Dewmocracy 2 campaign? Explain your answer. The promotional elements that were used in the Dewmocracy 2 campaign are advertising, sales promotion and direct marketing. The reason why I say advertising because mountain dew is trying to reach the mass which is efficient for a large amounts of people. Every time they market a product they advertise. It was also sales promotion because the campaign very flexible and for the mass. The customers felt comfortable in their social media and online on the dewocracy websites chatting. It was also direct marketing because it was used over the computer and people were creating mountain dew twitter accounts to vote for their favorite drink. Also making videos of testing things which goes to the customization part the customer was able to choose the drink that they thought was the best. #3 What are some of the different ways Mountain Dew can assess the success of its campaign? Be specific using information you have learned from the textbook. Note that the Grade Center on Blackboard has these cases listed. Mountain Dew can definitely asses the success of their campaign first just by looking at their market sales. Using their variable cost, fixed cost and so forth. Also they can assess their success by the market testing they did they went by they went by the new product process which increased their chances of doing well which they did.

Victorian Social Reform in Britain :: European Europe History

Victorian Social Reform in Britain When considering the changes brought about in the social policy of Great Britain, in the decades immediately either side of 1900, one must look at the nation `s industrial history. The position as the world` s premier industrial nation had been cemented by the mid nineteenth century, achieved in part, as it was the first nation to industrialise. However, the headlong embrace of laissez- faire capitalism ignored the social infrastructure, and the emigration from the depressed agricultural areas to the industrial areas caused immense strain on the poorly-planned towns and cities. At the dawn of industrialisation, there were those who expressed concern about the health and hygiene of the dense industrial areas, notably Freidrich Engels, whose study of Manchester and London in 1844 collated in "Conditions of The Working Class in England" painted a truly dismal picture of urban squalor and hopelessness. " Such is the Old Town of Manchester, and on re-reading my description, I am forced to admit that instead of being exaggerated, it is far from black enough to convey a true impression of the filth, ruin, and uninhabitableness, the defiance of all considerations of cleanliness, ventilation, and health which characterise the construction of this single district, containing at least twenty to thirty thousand inhabitants. And such a district exists in the heart of the second city of England, the first manufacturing city of the world. If any one wishes to see in how little space a human being can move, how little air - and such air! - he can breathe, how little of civilisation he may share and yet live, it is only necessary to travel hither." (Engels.F. 1844 p.84 ) The publication, in 1842, of the" Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain" elicited, and perhaps foresaw, the protests of disbelief. Edwin Chadwick was responsible for the report and also invoked the image of the "unknown country" as Henry Mayhew later did to bring to public attention the abysmal conditions with which the labouring poor had to contend. His principal concern appeared to be with "the miasma" emanating from decaying matter "the poisonous exhalations" which were the source of their physical, moral and mental deterioration. At the height of the cholera epidemic, the flushing of the sewers in order to dissipate the miasma, actually aggravated the problem by further contamination of the water supply, in the face of the advice which stated that the disease was spread by germs and infection.

Challenges faced by Uk economy

Erosion's growth forecast at 0. 8%, next year 1. 3% Global growth expected at 3. 3%, next year 3. 8%, both still termed too optimistic by MIFF, despite revising it the 2nd time this year Auk's expected growth rate 2. -3. 1%, revised from 3. 8%. 2013-14 growth was 1. 7exports. 6% growth, revision from 2. 2%. All above fgfiguresre for 2014-15 fiscal The dilemma Economy growing despite loans reducing. Shows bad state of manufacturing sector, not good in long run Key interest rates can't be increased as unemployment still hihighlandacan'te reduced as it will increase inflation Real Growth The nominal figures may fool many, so we show the growth in Real GDGAPince the start of 2013, the I-JKJconomy has experienced positive economic growth – one of the elelatedlyest performances in Europe.However, Real GDGAPs still fractionally below its pre-crisis peak of 2007. The recovery has been stronger in the service sector than manufacturing and industrial output. There are fears the I-JKJec overy is still unbalanced – relying on government spending, service sector and ultra-loose monetary policy. 0AAndhat it might worsen once the key interest rates are increased Real GDGAPs not yet back to the pre-crisis level. The fgfigureshown by us are as per the data currently available in the public domain.And so, it is worth bearing in mind that sometimes economic growth statistics get evbeviest a later stage. 0 Factors affecting growth Self-explanatory Challenges Unemployment Define and introduce the problem on your own. Explain the diagram Reasons Recession – causing cyclical, demand deficient unemployment. With falling real GDGAPfirms are producing less and therefore, there is less demand for workers. Also in a recession, some firms go out of business causing people to lose their Jobs. Structural factors. There is structural unemployment due to the fast changing nature of the economy.For example, manufacturing Jobs have been lost due to the economy becoming more service sector based. Some unemployed workers have found it difficult to get Jobs in new high tech industries because they lack the relevant skills. Problems Increases relative poverty in the UK. (Unemployment benefits are substantially lower than average wages). Unemployment is particularly stressful, causing alienation and reduced living standards. Budgetary cost. Persistently high unemployment adds to the budget deficit. The government have to spend more on benefits, and they receive lower taxes.If unemployment falls, it will be much easier to tackle the budget deficit. In August 2014, Public sector net debt (PSSANDx) was El ,432. biBillion77. 4% of GDGAPIn the short term, government debt is less pressing than the government have claimed. Since 2010, they have given indication that reducing debt levels are the most pressing economic problem. Because of debt, the government have pursued austerity leading to lower growth. I feel the government unnecessarily panicked over debt. Neve rtheless, long term spending commitments and long-term debt forecasts are a problem.With an ageing population and perhaps lower growth rates, it could be difficult to finance long-term spending commitments from current tax levels. Debt is a long-term problem rather than short-term. Reasons 2008-13 recession (lower tax receipts, higher spending on unemployment benefits). The recession particularly hit stamp duty (falling house prices) income tax and lower corporation tax. Financial bailout of Northern Rock, RBORBSLlLloydnd other banks. Interest Payments. The cost of paying interest on the government's debt is very high.In 2011 Debt interest payments were E4EYEillion a year (esest.3% of GDGAP Public sector debt interest payments will be the 4th highest department after social security, health and education. Debt interest payments could rise close to E7Beeniven the forecast rise in national debt. Higher Taxes / lower spending in the future. Crowding out of private sector investment / s pending. The structural deficit will only get worse as an ageing population places greater strain on the UKAuk'sension liabilities. (demographic time bomb) Potential negative impact on exchange rate.Potential of rising interest rates as markets become more reluctant to lend to the I-JKJovernment. Inflation CPICPnflation rate: 1. 5% (expected) Inflation is currently a relatively minor problem because it has fallen to be within the ovoverpayment'sarget. However, with rising energy prices, it could resume its upward trend in the coming months. This cost-push inflation is a problem because with low nominal wage growth, many could see a fall in living standards (causing an increase in fuel poverty). Also, savers may be adversely affected because interest rates are low.Reasons Rising energy prices Low real wages Fall in living standards Increased poverty Current Account Deficit The deterioration in the UK current account is a cause for some concern because it is occurring in a recession. Usually a recession leads to lower imports and an mpimprovementn the current account. This deterioration in the current account suggests the I-JKJould have declining international competitiveness, though it may also be a temporary situation related to EuRezonerisis. Reasons Overvalued exchange rates. Countries in the EuRezonehich became uncompetitive (e. . Greece, Portugal and Spain) experienced large current account deficits. This is imports are cheaper. This encourages domestic consumers to buy imports. It also makes it hard for exporters because they are relatively uncompetitive. High Consumer Spending. If there is rapid growth in consumer spending, then there tends to be an increase in imports causing a deterioration in the current account. For example, in the 19sassoom, we saw a fall in the savings rate and a rise in I-JKJonsumer spending; this caused a record current account deficit.The recession of 1991 caused an improvement in the current account as import spending fell. Unb alanced Economy. An economy focused on consumer spending rather than investment and exports will tend to have a bigger current account deficit. Competitiveness. Related to the exchange rate is the general competitiveness of irrimsIf there is a decline in relative competitiveness, e. g.GriRisingage costs, industrial unrest, poor quality goods – then it is harder to export causing a deterioration in the current account.Recommended Solutions Reduce consumer spending – through tight fiscal and tight monetary policy. E. g.GhiHigherncome tax will reduce disposable income and therefore reduce spending on imports (however, it will also lead to lower economic growth) Supply side policies to improve competitiveness Devaluation of the exchange rate. This makes exports cheaper and imports more expensive Poor lalaborroductivity LaLaborroductivity measures the output per worker in a period of time. LaLaborroductivity is an important factor in determining the productive potential of the economy.Reasons LaLaboroarding. (When firms hold onto workers). Unemployment has risen by a smaller amount in the '08-'12 recession – compared to previous recessions in 1981 and 1991, and now unemployment has fallen to 6. 2% . This could support the theory that firms are preferring to hang onto workers, despite lower demand. Firms may feel this prevents having to rehire and retrain workers after the recession ends. Though he length of this current recession makes this surprising, and it's uncertain why it's happening in 2008-12 more than previous recessions. Low levels of investment.The credit crunch has held back investment because firms struggle to gain finance or don't have the confidence to invest in new capital. This could hold back lalaborroductivity growth. Falling real wages. During the recession, the I-JKJas seen falls in real wage growth. If real wages are lower, firms may be more willing to employ lalaborather than capital. In other words low wage growth means lalabors relatively more attractive than usual. Therefore with lower lalaborosts, firms are willing to employ more workers and lalaborntensive production methods.Lower output Lower wages – With falling productivity, firms cannot afford wage increases. This is leading to depressed income tax receipts for the government. Lack of Infrastructure Investment The recession has seen a fall in public sector investment. This threatens long-term there are also concerns over other supply side problems, such as inflexible lalaborarkets and lack of vocational skills. External Factors Many of the I-JKJroblems are due to domestic factors: low spending, low investment, egactiveutput gap. However, because the I-JKJelies on trade with other countries, especially Europe, external factors are a potential problem.

Language Development in Children Essay - 1959 Words

Language Development in Children Language is a multifaceted instrument used to communicate an unbelievable number of different things. Primary categories are information, direction, emotion, and ceremony. While information and direction define cognitive meaning, emotion language expresses emotional meaning. Ceremonial language is mostly engaged with emotions but at some level information and direction collection may be used to define a deeper meaning and purpose. There is perhaps nothing more amazing than the surfacing of language in children. Children go through a number of different stages as language develops. According to Craig and Dunn, (2010), â€Å"Even before birth, it appears that infants are prepared to respond to and learn†¦show more content†¦They have the ability to sense and respond to their environment quite well. Patricia Kuhl, codirector of the University of Washington Institute for learning and Brain Sciences Seattle, Washington states, â€Å"The brain of the baby is a new frontier.† Newborns begin to develop communication skills by crying to express their wants and needs to their caregivers. There are pain or discomfort cries, anger cries, and hunger cries to define how the baby is feeling. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), â€Å"The development production begins with undifferentiated cries at birth, which soon adapts so they convey different meanings to their caregivers† (p. 112). Babies begin to learn language skills pretty quickly by listening and interacting with their caregivers. â€Å"The baby’s brain is really flexible, they can not say much but they are learning a lot.† says Rebecca Gomex, an experimental psychologist at the University of Arizona, Tucson (Sohn, (2008). A baby will begin their language journey by using their tongue, lips, palate, and, teeth to make sounds. By twelve weeks infants begin to coo, and smile when talked to. Infants can distinguish between similar sounds such as b, p, d, and t. Infants at this age can tell the difference between children and adult speech sounds/tones. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), â€Å"Although babies usually do not begin using words until near the end of their first year, they are nonetheless acquiring a knowledge of language duringShow MoreRelatedLanguage And Its Impact On Children Development1487 Words   |  6 Pageswe think of language as an object, one made of words, sentences and grammar, sounds, symbols and gestures that a society or community creates to communicate with one another. However, reflecting on the above statement, language has deeper meaning and can show identity, expression and cultural backgrounds within a person. It’s an expression of who we are as people, communities and nations. 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