tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20629569689208683472024-03-08T15:25:55.963-08:00College personal essaySixth Grade 6Th Grade Essay Samplesdoloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-33541020206885943562020-09-03T01:40:00.001-07:002020-09-03T01:40:14.601-07:00Buck versus Bell Essay example -- Supreme Court Sterilization EssaysBuck versus Bell During the mid twentieth century, the United States was suffering noteworthy social and monetary changes because of its change into a business and mechanical force to be reckoned with. As the requirement for work heightened inside numerous urban zones, a large number of Europeans emigrated from Southern and Eastern Europe with the expectations of underwriting upon these business openings and accomplishing a superior life. All the while, numerous African-Americans moved from the provincial South into significant urban communities, bearing indistinguishable aims from those of the European outsiders. The nearness of these minority bunches created both racial and class fears inside white center and privileged Americans. The intense ethnocentrism coming about because of these feelings of dread, combined with the Social Darwinist ideas of Herbert Spencer, would eventually prod the American selective breeding development. Beginning from the speculations of Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin, selective breeding is the investigation of human heredity and hereditary standards for the reasons for improving humankind by restricting the expansion of deficient genetic supplies. Charles Davenport, the establishing father of the American genetic counseling development, was one of numerous world class Americans pushing for the fuse of the beliefs of this new science into society. Crafted by Davenport, which got known as eugenic standards, would affect government funded training, however a legitimate effect too. By 1931, thirty state assemblies had passed automatic cleansing laws that focused imperfect strains inside everyone, for example, the visually impaired, the hard of hearing, poor people, and the foolish. Virginia, one of these states, held the position that automatic disinfection would not just advantage the overal... ... Individuals With Mental Disabilities: Issues, Points of view, and Cases (Westport CT: Auburn House, 1995) 22. Works Cited Buck v. Chime. 274 U.S. 200, 205. No. 292 US Supreme Ct. 1927. Brantlinger, Ellen. Cleansing of People With Mental Disabilities: Issues, Perspectives, and Cases. Westport CT: Auburn House, 1995. Larson, Edward. Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Macklin, Ruth. Mental Retardation and Sterilization: A Problem of Competency and Paternalism. New York: Plenum Press, 1981. Reilly, Phillip. The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. Shapiro, Thomas. Populace Control Politics: Women, Sterilization, and Reproductive Choice. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-85314292687234663802020-08-22T17:44:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:44:11.934-07:00Stop Book Banning Free EssaysStop Book Banning! Should school directors be permitted to boycott books? Obviously not! They are manhandling their capacity of reserving the option to instruct youngsters. They need to boycott a book since it shows the valid past of America, which a few understudies can't deal with. They ought not shield the past; on the off chance that anything they should educate everything concerning the past and disclose to the understudies why the occasions happened. We will compose a custom paper test on Stop Book Banning or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now They ought to comprehend why America did the things it did so they won't be embarrassed about the nation that they live in and they would then be able to guard their nation to anyone attempting to put it down. One explanation overseers ought not be permitted to boycott books is on the grounds that it takes the privilege and opportunity to pick what is perused, away from the guardians and understudies. Doesnââ¬â¢t it state in the principal revision that all individuals have the right to speak freely and the opportunity of the press? By composing a book you are communicating and imparting your insights which is practicing the ability to speak freely, and by writing your words down, you are practicing your opportunity of the press. Why at that point are the school directors attempting to remove our privileges from us? What makes them think they reserve the option to remove our opportunities given to us from the main alteration of the Constitution? The article ââ¬Å"Book Banning Efforts are Up, Poll Findsâ⬠by Hillel Italie, says, ââ¬Ëââ¬Å"It all stems from a frightfulness of good natured people,â⬠said Michael Gorman, leader of the library affiliation. ââ¬Å"We trust in parental obligation, and that you should deal with what your kids are perusing. Be that as it may, itââ¬â¢s not your duty to mention to an entire class of children what they should peruse. ââ¬â¢ This is stating that yes you do reserve the option to choose what your child peruses, anyway you can't choose what different children should peruse. This likewise applies to the chairmen. They can choose what their child can peruse, however they can't choose what a whole school can or can't peruse. Another motivation to not boycott books is on the grounds that it keeps kids from learning. How might we find out about t he past and the manner in which America was back when the incomparable American writers composed, when the overseers remove the books that show us this, keeping us from learning? How might we learn of the language of the former times when we can't peruse this language? How are we expected to become familiar with the historical backdrop of our precursors and their predecessors when there is a likelihood that managers will boycott the book that will assist us with doing as such? For what reason are the individuals of America letting these heads pull off this remorseless and unreasonable act? The article ââ¬Å"Let Me Poison My Mind with Booksâ⬠by Craig Pearson states, ââ¬Å"Just like muscles, the cerebrum requires pushups. The more thoughts we open ourselves to the more we devise our own. Thatââ¬â¢s why training, and subsequently perusing, is so basic, regardless of whether by some peopleââ¬â¢s account what we read is messy. â⬠People ought to have the option to decide for themselves what they read, and no one else ought to have the option to let them know in an unexpected way. One individual peruses a book and takes in something from that specific book. Notwithstanding, someone else can peruse precisely the same book and take in something totally not quite the same as what the main individual realized. For what reason should this unavoidable truth and learning be removed in light of the fact that one individual peruses a book, takes in something they donââ¬â¢t like from it, and afterward continues to remove that book from others, despite the fact that they will in all probability get the hang of something other than what's expected then what the individual attempting to boycott the book learned? The explanation behind the main individual attempting to boycott the book could be something that another peruser doesn't notice or care about and it along these lines doesn't affect them. So why are individuals so stressed? One contention to my case could be that a few people feel that these books ought to be restricted to shield understudies from revolting and dubious material. However, for what reason should books be restricted to secure one understudy in a school of hundreds, when none of different children or their folks feels that they need that sort of assurance? You can not shield one child from material on the off chance that it implies keeping others from that material. Rather, the child who needs ââ¬Å"protectingâ⬠ought to figure out how to secure themselves and decide not to peruse that material that could be unsafe to him/her. Understudies need to figure out how to settle on choices for themselves and restricting material from a library is not the slightest bit helping them learn for themselves. On the off chance that they are protected as long as they can remember, at that point what will happen when they grasp this present reality? In the article ââ¬Å"Did You Ever Meet a Book You Didnââ¬â¢t Like? â⬠by Sharon Coatney, she says, ââ¬Å"That being stated, books are intended to be picked cautiously. A few titles are proper in one circumstance and not in another, for one kid and not another. â⬠I think she says it wonderfully. Each child needs to take a gander at the book, asses it, and ensure it is something that they can and need to peruse. Each book that is made has a reason. This could imply that that book is intended to be perused by a specific child at one point in their life in order to help manage that kid through life. All books get the opportunity to impact a kidââ¬â¢s life, so for what reason would managers need to keep the book from by one way or another helping somebody? Why canââ¬â¢t the chairmen come at the situation from our perspective? On the off chance that the jobs were switched they would feel equivalent to we do. Why at that point do they have no sympathy? Why canââ¬â¢t they accomplish for us what we would accomplish for them? The expression goes, ââ¬Å"Treat others the manner in which you need to be dealt with. â⬠Young youngsters can do it. Why canââ¬â¢t we? Instructions to refer to Stop Book Banning, Essay models doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-24398849466284822772020-08-21T15:26:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:26:04.234-07:00The Strange Ride of MorrowbieIn Rudyard Kiplingââ¬â¢s story ââ¬Å"The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukesâ⬠there are numerous parts of the Indiaââ¬â¢s conventions and customs. However, one custom that is unequivocally present however out the story is the job of the Indian station framework. Inside each character you are taken into the five degrees of the position framework. The rank framework has been available in Indian culture as far back as their history can be followed. The five levels that are available with in the characters in the story are Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Harijans (www. suchico. edu) According to Indianchild. com the India position framework is a various leveled society. In the Indian station framework, regardless of where you live or what religion you are everyone is positioned into one of the five levels. The rank framework is regarded and followed by all who live inside the framework. Regardless of where you live everybody realizes their position positioning, and they carry on towards one another as indicated by their positioning. We are first acquainted with Morrowbie, who is a man that is put in the standing framework known as Vaishya.According to Caste System, the Vaishya are known as the Krsi (who are the individuals for develop the nourishment grains), the goraksha (who are the dairy animals security), the vanijyam (who do the exchanging), the Vaisya karma (individuals who work), and svabhavajam (are the individuals who are conceived of his own temperament). The Vaisyas were known as the land-proprietors, cash banks and powerful brokers. Morrowbie is known as a man with instruction and vocation as a structural specialist. Because of his effective profession he is known as a land-proprietor. It is obvious however out the story that Morrowbie is aware of his high class level and the standing degree of the individuals around him.When he first falls into the gap he winds up in the center of a group. He expresses that the individuals are sparsel y dressed and can be related with the Hindu vagabonds (p. 24). As per the Indian station level the vendors are viewed as one level beneath Morrowbie Jukes. You can tell from the way that he talks about them, that he trusts them not to be qualified to be in his essence. Morrowbie proceeds to state how the dealers should give him regard and give him acknowledgment of his quality there. In the story, Morrowbie is appeared to treat the lower station levels as peons to him.While Morrowbie is attempting to purchase nourishment and safe house from Gunga he by and by alludes to the lower class of shippers that encompass him. He states ââ¬Å"One doesn't challenge the doings of a lair of wild mammoths; and my colleagues were lower than any monsters (p. 28). We are then acquainted with Gunga Dass as a man of intensity and status in the limbo of the dead. Gunga Dass is viewed as the most elevated class of the Indian standing framework. As per www. csuchico. edu, Gunga Dass is in the standing d egree of Brahmin. As indicated by Gnome Research Brahmin are individuals from the consecrated class in the Indian framework, and has a place with the upper station society.The Brahmins as portrayed by Indianchild. com is ââ¬Å"Brahman is of the idea of truth, information and interminability. Gunga Dass asserted that he no longer carried on with his life as a Deccanee Brahmin, however he does even now kept up his status in the place where there is the living dead. Despite the fact that Dass states that he denied the Brahmin life, he despite everything is experiencing the job of his standing framework. Gunga turns into the manual for Morrowbie, demonstrating him the methods for the new land and the laws that he should follow. Gunga plays the job of defender similarly as he was in his time on earth. Morrowbie states ââ¬Å"Gunga Dass, whom I had started to view as my normal protectorâ⬠(p. 7). It is Gunga who sustains the individuals, secures the land, similarly as he was during his life as a Brahmin. He gave Morrowbie asylum and nourishment when he was inquired. He additionally had the information on the land, offering Morrowbie the responses that were appropriate for his own standing level information. When Dass is mentioned by Morrowbie to get the white boyââ¬â¢s body, he states to Morrowbie ââ¬Å"But I am Brahmin, Sahib-a high position Brahminâ⬠. Despite the fact that it appears that Morrowbie has over ventured his station position, it is Dass who is consistently in charge. He is the defender, control, sustains, and all knowing about the place where there is the living dead.We are then acquainted with the white kid that is slaughtered by Gunga. The anonymous kid is viewed as a Harijan in the Indian position framework. As indicated by Caste System in India the Harijan or untouchables; was the least class of the Indian rank framework. They were known as the outcasts of the framework, the individuals who were excessively low fair and square to be viewed as a component of the framework. They were generally sweepers, washers of garments, leatherworkers, and those whose occupation it was to murder creatures (indianchild. com). The killed white kid was portrayed as wearing an olive-green chasing suit that was quite recolored and worn (p. 5). This depiction gives an unmistakable sign that the homicide kid is a tracker, this is thought by the Indian standing framework as an individual who merits no positioning or rights. The kid is never given a name, which shows the irrelevance of his position. Likewise it is his body that is suffocates in the sand trap for no unmistakable explanation. His spirit and body are not really thought about, he is dealt with like an evaporated bit of meat, similarly as he would have been treated during life on earth. We are at last acquainted with Dunnoo, a kid that lives in the Indian station framework called Shudra.The Shudra are customarily individuals that work in administration as slaves or profess ionals of untalented exchanges. Dunnoo is in untalented tradesmen who function as Morrowbieââ¬â¢s hound kid. He is a laborer at Morrowbieââ¬â¢s ranch that watches out for his collies. Despite the fact that Dunnoo is viewed as in the lower class of the position framework, he is believed to be over the untouchables. That is the reason he is utilized as the individual who spares Morrowbie, yet it is never notice of any appreciation from Morrowbie for sparing his life. In ââ¬Å"The Strange Ride of Morrowbie Jukesâ⬠it is clear that the Indian rank framework is utilized in every character activities and manners.The Indian Caste framework is a framework that till this day, has been the foundation of the Indian culture. The characters of this story showed the perspectives of every position framework, yet in addition the convictions of how every station level related with one another. Each character from Morrowbie to the white tracker built up themselves in the undead world equi valent to they lived over the ground. They couldn't have cared less where their bodies were, for living in the position framework you carry on with your full life considerably after death in a similar standing framework. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-44218977207652310402020-06-06T20:26:00.001-07:002020-06-06T20:26:02.730-07:00Prestige in The Crown - Literature Essay Samples In ââ¬ËThe Crownââ¬â¢, Carol Ann Duffy explores the prestige and catalogue of duties entailed by queenship through an extended description of a crown. Whilst it cannot be denied that monarchy in the poem is presented as deserving of both awe and respect, the poetââ¬â¢s presentation of the theme is not entirely celebratory as she reveals the trails and difficulties a young Queen must face having inherited the crown. In ââ¬ËThe Crownââ¬â¢, Duffy explores the misgivings of a newly appointed Queen who feels a conflict between a desire to devote her services to the country, and an apprehension of the duties and profound history attached to wearing the crown. This is demonstrated through the poetââ¬â¢s lack of fixed rhyme scheme and use of free verse used to mirror the Queenââ¬â¢s conflicting attitudes concerning her new royal status. The perfect rhyme between ââ¬Ëthroneââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëaloneââ¬â¢ is therefore particularly interesting in breaking from Duffyââ¬â¢s standard lack of rhyme; used to mark out the loneliness and lack of help that comes with status as Queen; which is emphasized through structural positioning of diction ââ¬Ëaloneââ¬â¢ as ending the line. Indeed, the simile comparing the crown to an ââ¬ËO like a wellââ¬â¢ is particularly interesting in suggestions that the Queen feels overwhelmed in her responsibilities; with the interjection ââ¬ËOââ¬â ¢ perhaps linking- on the page- to the first letter of later phrase ââ¬ËOne headââ¬â¢; suggesting that the responsibilities entailed from queenship are inescapable and claustrophobic. The use of synecdoche here voices the womanââ¬â¢s fears that she feels that her queenly status will reduce her status as a woman. Indeed, compound adjectives such as ââ¬ËTime-giftedââ¬â¢ are used frequently throughout the poem in order to convey a Queen attempting to come to terms with unfamiliar duties. In particular, the term ââ¬Ëblood-deepââ¬â¢ suggests that the Queenââ¬â¢s worries are less fickle than previously assumed, and stem from her distaste of the bloody history attached to the throne. Such is an idea furthered in the closing lines of the first stanza ââ¬Ëfrom skulls of kings/ to living Queenââ¬â¢; with the end-stop and structural break between the stanzas marking out a speaker perhaps pausing in horror at the role she will subsequently assume. Indeed, the poetà ¢â¬â¢s use of enjambment here- and indeed throughout the rest of the poem- perhaps adds a critical tone through suggesting that the Queen, through wearing the crown, will merely be continuing a tradition entrenched in misogyny and violence. Indeed the anaphora of the phrase ââ¬ËThe crownââ¬â¢ in the first line and title reinforces the strenuous responsibility the Queen will take on, and the definite article ââ¬Ëtheââ¬â¢ paired with the fact it takes an active role in the semantics as ââ¬Ëtranslatesââ¬â¢ the womanââ¬â¢s status perhaps implies that she cannot escape her mounting responsibility and is forced to adopt the role as Queen. The form of declarative is one frequently employed by the poet to perhaps convey the womanââ¬â¢s resigned acceptance at her fated royalty; a particularly compelling example being one deeming the crown a measure to value ââ¬Ëdecades and dutyââ¬â¢, with the alliterated ââ¬Ëdââ¬â¢ and prior caesura further highlighting the Queenââ¬â¢s mounting realization of the struggles attached to her newfound status as monarch. A plethora of commas, end-stops and other versions of punctuation is used throughout to create a rational, logical tone as the Queen attempts to console herself and quietly accept the duties she will come to handle. Despite the poem being one largely aimed at implicitly critiquing royal tradition, the poet also makes a point of marking out the monarchical system as deserving of respect. Such is demonstrated through the catalogue of references to precious gems in the final stanzas from ââ¬Ëemerald evergreenââ¬â¢ to ââ¬Ësapphireââ¬â¢ to ââ¬Ërubyââ¬â¢ used to imply that the British monarchy should be both treasured and respected. Indeed, to personify the jewels with a variety of characteristics from ââ¬Ëshyââ¬â¢ to ââ¬Ëloyaltyââ¬â¢ to ââ¬Ëresilienceââ¬â¢ is suggestive of the great talent and complex personality required to cope with queenship, as does the term ââ¬Ëhistoryââ¬â¢s brideââ¬â¢ used to describe the queen; with the caesura distinguishing it from the rest of the line suggesting that the Queenââ¬â¢s place in history will be celebrated. Nonetheless, the bathetic antithesis between an religious language of ââ¬Ëanointed, blessedââ¬â¢ to des cribe the crowning, and bleak image of the crown as ââ¬Ëa hollow thingâ⬠¦ a measuringââ¬â¢ represents a dissonance between public perceptions of the grandeur associated with royalty, and the plight of the royals having been forced to take up such weighted responsibility. This is mirrored in the structure of the poem, with the split of two stanzas with irregular line lengths representing the dichotomy between the perceptions of royals in the public sphere; and the genuine personalities and characters of the individuals. Indeed, the movement into first person through possessive determiner ââ¬Ëmyââ¬â¢ as shunned to the end of the poem perhaps suggests that the Queen feels so confined by her royal status that is at risk of loosing a sense of personal identity. This is an idea reinforced as she is only referred to regal title ââ¬ËThe Queenââ¬â¢ throughout rather than a personal name; highlighting the negative capacity of royal tradition to erase the individual chara cters of those involved. The simplicity of the closing declarative ââ¬Ënot lightly worn.ââ¬â¢ is reinforced with an end-stop in order to convey the sense of a woman bracing herself for the future struggles she will face as monarch; and to both begin and end the poem on descriptions of the crown implies that she feels prepared- despite her apprehension- to wholly exert herself into her royal identity as Queen. In conclusion, Duffy in ââ¬ËThe Crownââ¬â¢ presents an extended critique of British monarchy: whilst moments of prestige and grandeur are highlighted, this fails to utterly appease the negative and destructive effects that royalty is proven to have on not only an external society; but also those directly involved. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-56273100793043721042020-05-17T06:34:00.001-07:002020-05-17T06:34:19.726-07:00The Mystery Of The Myth - 925 Words The myth is the belief that some languages just arenââ¬â¢t good enough because they do not fulfill certain criteria. Criteria such as not being able to act as a medium of speech to express new ideas, to speak of science, to speak of high literature, and to be used internationally without having to borrow vocabulary from other languages. English is probably the most infamous case of this myth being false. As we know it English is probably one of the most widely spoken languages. English has the ability to clearly express ones ideas, converse scientific terms, and speak of high literature. However many of Englishââ¬â¢s vocabulary are borrowed from Latin, French, and many other languages. Under the criteria of those that believe that some languages are not good enough, English is not good enough as a language since it borrows vocabulary from other languages. But this is not true since English is a very prominent language and is very able to express new ideas of all kinds. Another famous example that can be used to debunking this myth would be in the case of Latin. When Latin first arose the Greekââ¬â¢s believed that Latin just wasnââ¬â¢t good enough to be able to express complex thoughts. However as we know today this is terribly false. Latin was one of the most wide spread languages that we know of today. Latin was also at one time a lingua franca. It was used as a common language between speaks of different native languages to express ideas. Not only was Latin used in science,Show MoreRelatedAmerican Myths and Mysteries Essay2813 Words à |à 12 Pagesinteresting mysteries that have not been solved and myths passed down from generation to generation. No one knows what caused these myths to come about or why these mysteries were never solved, but they are a very interesting part of American history. From mysteries involving serial killers to myths about mysterious creatures, there is a wide range of the unknown that many people, except for witnesses, have never heard about. Now letââ¬â¢s take a look into some of the most fantastic myths and mysteries in AmericaRead MoreThe Struggle to Gain Equality: A Study of Native American Woman in Literature1678 Words à |à 7 PagesRespect Frees Women from Inequality In Woman: Myth and Reality, Simone De Beauvoir describes the myth of the Eternal Feminine which creates inequality between men and women. In The Four Idols, Francis Bacon uses the four idols of the tribe, the cave, the marketplace, and the theater to show how humans understanding and intelligence hinders their knowledge of nature. In The Origin of Civil Society, Jean-Jacques Rousseau concludes that the Social Contract benefits those who are not strongRead MoreMyths And Myths Of Myths856 Words à |à 4 Pagesthus spurring a debate on what it is that myths actually mean and what they should teach us. It seems that myths and mythology should create both independent and creative thought while solidifying the culture/s that the myth is designed thus creating both a sense of individuality and community with in the world. When fundamentally broken down mythology is a collection of stories (myths) that usually belong to a specific culture or religious group. Myths then can be broken down in to sets of storiesRead MoreMythology vs Natural World: How mythology helped to explain aspects of the natural world to the ancient Greeks1289 Words à |à 6 PagesGreek myths are all that s left of the ancient Greek religion, in which beauty, poetry, and creative activities were a vital part of the tradition. Centuries ago, the Greeks created numerous stories and poems, which are still being shared today, that showed their view of the world that existed not only in the mind of the Greek poets, but in the hearts of the humble and long suffering natives of ancient Greece. From the stories of the Olympians, to heroes greatest adventures and from romantic storiesRead MoreStonehenge And Most Common Myths Of Stonehenge1090 Words à |à 5 Pagespyramids, and many other ancientsââ¬â¢ structures. Stonehenge is one of the oldest unsolved mysteries in the world. The ancient stone is located in Wiltshire, England. English Heritage organization is the responsible for looking after the monu ments included with the Stonehenge. People always ask how come a monument was built before 3000 B.C. with naked hands. In this paper, the history of Stonehenge and most common myths of Stonehenge will be discussed in brief lines. Then, what the author thinks StonehengeRead MoreChinese and Greek Mythology1564 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe universe which ultimately resulted in the establishment of religions, beliefs and most pertinent, creation myths. Mythology provides explanations for the worlds mysteries especially in regards to the creation of Earth, Humans and the environment. This comparative paragraph analyzes the similarities and differences between a Greek myth entitled, The Beginning of Things, and a Chinese myth named, Heaven and Earth and Man, contrasted in the aspects of conflict, solutions, heroic action, and the educationRead MoreChristopher Columbus s Discovery Of The Disoriented Magnetic Compass Off The South Eastern Coast Of United States1030 Words à |à 5 Pagesoceani c research articles, I have found that the media overwhelms the general public with dramatic myth stories in such a way that the truth rarely makes it to readers. Scientist have now proven a methane gas hypothesis has been a major contributor to ships and planes losing their density needs. C. Thesis Statement: In understanding the science behind releasing gas from the oceanic floor, finally myths are put to rest. D. Tie to the Audience: History has been lost as people disappeared travelingRead MoreComplex Characters In The Arthurian Legend : Merlin And Taliesin767 Words à |à 4 Pagesversion to version, creating confusion about their origin and roles in stories. Merlin, the wondrous and wise magician, and Taliesin, the inspirational historian and all-knowing bard, are some of the most versatile individuals in the stories. The mysteries of Merlin, Taliesin and their significance impact the Arthurian legend and literature. Merlin, also referred to as Merlinus or Myrddin, is a major and essential character in the legends. He is a well known sorcerer, seer and prophet . He isRead MoreThe Importance Of Native American Storytelling1001 Words à |à 5 Pagesnever want the younger generation to forget where they come from. In Native American storytelling there were many myths told. The myths are like folk tales they focus on normal people other than gods. In the myths most of the characters are often not named. The Native Americans focused more on the plot of the story and not just the characters themselves. Animals were commonly used in myths because they were thought to be very spiritual. The four direction showed up in the stories literally or symbolicallyRead MoreTrickster-God-Creator1433 Words à |à 6 PagesCoyote of Native North American traditions is often depicted as assisting the ââ¬Å"Great Mysteryâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Great Spiritâ⬠in the creating and populating of the world (Leeming). In the Greek myths Hermes is initially a sly infant who captures a tortoise with his untruths and fashions the first lyre from its shell, but eventually transitions to a place amongst the Olympic pantheon as the messenger of the gods. In the Norse myths of the Scandinavian countries, Loki is a mischievous nuisance, nonetheless responsible doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-39645470591245812702020-05-06T18:57:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:57:38.208-07:00The Human Body Is A Very Complex System In Which Thrives The human body is a very complex system in which thrives off of several different homeostatic balances. When the regulation of internal conditions doesnââ¬â¢t remain stable or constant it is referred to as a homeostatic imbalance, which is usually connected to a certain disease or disorder. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type two is a metabolic disorder where the body does not use insulin sufficiently and is usually referred to as insulin deficient. It is the most common form of diabetes and is, in most cases, not inevitable. This disease is said to be the oldest disease known and dates back 3000 years ago before a distinction was discovered between the different types. There are several things in which are secondary and or come hand in hand withâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Most people that have DM type two suffer from obesity and have and abundance of intra-abdominal obesity (visceral fat). It is common for these patients to exhibit low levels HDL-cholesterol (good cholesterol) an d high levels of LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol). Having high levels of LDL-cholesterol promotes a buildup of plaque in the arteries and can result in a heart disease or even a stroke. The prevention of DM is not always inevitable as most cases are seen in people who live sedentary lives; high fat and carbohydrate consumption as well as no physical activity to promote weight loss. Even though the majority could potentially be prevented, there are still cases in which people are predisposed due to a family history of this disease and or obesity. Although obesity is the main cause of connection to this type of diabetes there are some cases where the patient is not obese but may exhibit an increased amount of body fat that is distributed amongst the abdominal region in which could cause the insulin resistance. Smoking in a normal person increases the likelihood for circulation problems, stroke and heart disease but when someone with a compromised immune system such as T2DM it ca n double the risk for all of these health issues as well as organ failures and dysfunctions. The consumption of alcohol raises the blood sugarShow MoreRelatedCo-Evolving with Our Microbiome1539 Words à |à 7 PagesThe idea that humans have power over our health has a long history in American popular culture. We tend to believe we are the masters of our own destiny and can solve the problems of our internal workings according to our will, power of positive thinking, upbeat attitude or a fighting spirit however we cannot ignore our living environment and the organisms that co-exist among us. As it turns out, we share our bodies with an unimaginably vast array of organisms that seem to play a substantial roleRead MoreA Complex Adaptive System ( Cas )1198 Words à |à 5 Pagesdirection to have a competitive edge within the industry they best identify with. In light of this, conflicts are sometimes very challenging to comprehend, and theorists have also questioned the nature of the whole system to which all these complicating factors contribute. Many experts and scholars have argued that all these developments are characterized by a Complex Adaptive System (CAS). 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Both doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-12943657050019730362020-05-06T00:21:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:21:10.856-07:00Analysis of Cryptocurrency Marketplace â⬠Free Samples to Students Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Cryptocurrency Marketplace. Answer: Introduction Cryptocurrency refers to any digital asset that is designed to work as exchange medium using cryptographic methods to secure transactions (Dictionary.cambridge.org 2017). Cryptocurrencies also help in controlling the creation of additional currency units. These are considered to be a part of digital currencies, virtual currencies and alternative currencies. In this report is investigated the increasing use of cryptocurrency. This report analyses the growing industry of cryptocurrencies and the effect of it on the global scenario. The report will discuss the origin of the concept of these currencies and three such cryptocurrencies. In the following report, a paper on Bitcoin by Satoshi Nakamoto is discussed which discusses the origin of cryptocurrencies. This report goes on to draw comparisons on the capabilities and resources needed by personal and commercial users to mine such cryptocurrencies and sheds light on the viability and costs of bitcoin. This report further discusses the t hreat that these cryptocurrencies pose to the financial organizations that deal with hard currency, the ways in which these currencies are put to use by people with a criminal mindset. The report ends with the interest taken by the government of China in cryptocurrencies and implications of the same all around the globe. The cryptocurrency system is decentralized and is produced collectively by the total cryptocurrency system. A group or an individual named Satoshi Nakamoto created the underlying basic technical system of cryptocurrencies (Lemieux 2013). In case of cryptocurrencies, production is gradually decreased until there is a capping on the total amount of currencies circulating in the cloud. There are a number of such cryptocurrencies in use these days like Bitcoins, Ethereum, Litecoins, Auroracoins and many other such currencies. Background discussion based on a paper by Satoshi Nakamoto Cryptocurrency came into the being with the need of trusted third parties in the e-commercial financial transactions other than the existing financial institutions that deal in hard currency. The cost of transactions increase with the mediation cost involved in the transactions. There would be a certain amount of fraudulent practices that are unavoidable in case of electronic payments. The uncertainties of electronic payments can be avoided by making payments using physical currency. In case of electronic payments there must be present a trusted third party. Thus, a transaction medium is needed that allows willing parties the scope of engaging in a direct transaction between themselves without the need of any third party (Bitcoin.org 2017). These electronic payments are made using electronic coins that can be defined a digital signature chain. The coins are passed from owner to owner by digitally signing the previous transaction hash and the public key of the next owner. The payee has the freedom to verify the signatures but not the fact that the coin has not been doubly spent by the previous owner. This problem can be solved only if the parties involved are made aware of all the transaction history. The solution provided to the problem discussed is a timestamp server. The server works by widely publishing the hash of a certain block of things. A system of proof-of-work is needed to implement the distributed timestamp server. This also helps in solving the problem of deciding the representation of majority in decision-making. In case of hacking, a hacker needs to redo the proofs-of-work for all the blocks in order to actual nodes. There should be a properly run network that would track the progress of the node. In case of discrepancies the longer node is followed. There should be incentives for the nodes to remain honest towards the transaction. Any hacker who is greedy for more coins should find playing by the rules more profitable than adopting unfair means. The spent transactions of a certain bock should be removed after regular intervals to ensure saving of enough disk space to continue transactions. There are ways to provide for verification of payments made by a user. The user cannot check the transaction by himself but can find out whether the following nodes have accepted the transaction after linking the transaction to some place in the network chain. The verification of the transaction is deemed reliable as long as the network is controlled by the honest nodes in the chain. It becomes vulnerable if the network is controlled by a hacker. There are at least two outputs for every transaction. One output is dedicated towards payment while the other is used to produce returns towards the sender if there is any. Privacy of transactions can be maintained by keeping some of the publics keys of the transactions anonymous. A separate key pair should be used to prevent transactions to be linked to a common owner. Linking the other transactions could be traced back to belonging to one IP address if the owner of the key is revealed. Capabilities and resources required by small-scale and large-scale cryptocurrency users to mine the currencies In modern times, people find investing in equipment of digital currency mining profitable. They may set up the equipment and then spend months to mine the currencies while waiting for their investment return to set in. There are certain coins that are found to be profitable in terms of cost-benefit of the beginners. The mining of cryptocurrencies may be worth in case of it being a hobby but not for the sake of being a secondary income. Cryptocurrencies may generate a small income of almost a couple of dollars daily. Some of the cryptocurrencies such as Feathercoins, Dogecoins and Litecoins are easier to mine. A significant amount of profit can be earned from cryptocurrency mining only if a huge amount is invested into the business. Mining cryptocurrencies generally aim to provide for bookkeeping of coins. It aims to reward the miners for their accounting services. It tries to keep the miners costs down. There are a few things required for the mining of cryptocurrencies apart from high levels of curiosity on the part of the miner. Coin base A coin base is a database that is free and private (Marian 2013). It is a container that is protected by a password. It stores a miners earnings and keeps a ledger of the transactions held from all over the network. Mining software package A miner needs to have access to a free software package for mining (Cryptosource.org 2017). This mining software must be built of stratum and cgminer. Mining pool membership The miner must have a membership of an online pool for mining. This is a miners community in which miners combine and link their computers to gain an increment in the profitability and stability of income. Currency exchange membership The miner must be a member of an online forum of currency exchange. This would enable them to exchange their conventional cash for virtual coins and vice versa. Internet connectivity The miner needs to be connected to a high speed internet connection that is reliable. An ideal internet connection for mining cryptocurrencies should function at a speed of 2 megabits per second or higher. Hardware setup A miner needs to possess a cool location for setting up the hardware and a cooling system for cooling the computer as and when required. A custom-made computer or desktop is required for mining. It is recommended to abstain from using the current working computer of the miner because the miner may not be able to use the system for any other purposes while the mining is under process. The miner would also need a mining ASIC chip. This chip would provide the accounting services and the mining works. The miner needs a motherboard with three PCI-E slots for video cards (Cryptosource.org 2017). Bitcoins, on the other hand, can be mined by the large scale users only. The mining process involves a series of steps. These steps finally help encouraging the miners to compete with each other to come up with hashes that help meet the needed criteria. The miners of Bitcoin use a specific kind of software to solve mathematical problems. They are issued Bitcoins in exchange for the solved problems. This helps in providing a smarter way of issuing the currency thereby creating incentives for a larger number of people to mine the currencies. Cryptocurrency Introduction date Values Market trends Bitcoin 3rd January, 2009 1 bitcoin = around 4214.41 USD Prices have gone higher since October, 2015 (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Litecoin 7th October, 2011 1 litecoin = around 51 USD Prices have gone higher since May, 2017 but have been fluctuating in the past 30 days (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Ethereum 30th July, 2015 1 ethreum = around 292.3 USD Prices have gone higher since April, 2017 but have been fluctuating in the past 90 days (Worldcoinindex.com 2017). Costs and viability of bitcoin mining Bitcoins have been the first decentralized cryptocurrency that has been fully implemented. It is owned or controlled by no one and is open-source (Bitcoin.org 2017). The e-payments through these cryptocurrencies are facilitated based on validation and mathematical proof. Bitcoins can be exchanged for other services, products and currencies and vice-versa. These transactions are direct and take place between two users. Though fast, these transactions are irreversible in nature. These are transparent transactions yet anonymous In the present day scenario, it has become necessary for national banks to develop their own cryptocurrencies. The People's Bank of China, a national bank of China is on its way to become the first nationalized bank to develop as well as run a digital currency of its own. There are reports that suggest the use of some prototypes of the transactions between the national digital currency and some commercial banks of the country. In the present day scenario, though, China is reported to have banned the initial coin offerings or ICOs (Forbes.com 2017). This ban has hurt the local operators mostly. Cryptocurrencies may lead to eradication of the need for the financial organizations dealing with hard currencies (Bollen 2013). An increase in the number of users of cryptocurrencies is expected in near future. Thus it can be predicted that there will be a substantial amount of decline in the number of payments made and received through conventional methods. During recent times, there has been a rise in the number of criminal activities involving cryptocurrencies. Criminals prefer the cryptocurrencies due to the provision of irreversible and private payment windows (Bitcoin.org 2017). PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces model The following table provides a PESTEL analysis of Bitcoin, the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Political analysis No government body is in control of this currency. Financial institutions of many countries of the world are barred from accepting these cryptocurrencies (Heid 2013). There are some countries like Canada, United States and EU that are considered Pro-bitcoin. Transactions involving bitcoins are generally allowed between two private parties. Economic analysis Market capitalization of bitcoins extends beyond 0.008% of the global GDP of 78 trillion dollars which amounts to almost 6 billion dollars. There exist 21 million bitcoins in the present days with almost 15359800 of the total number in circulation. The ability of the federal government of conducting monetary policies remain unaffected by the cryptocurrencies (Brenig, Accorsi, and Mller 2015). Bitcoin is widely used in the global market by more than 88000 merchants. Socio-cultural analysis The driving force behind the popularity of the cryptocurrencies is the anonymity of operations (Clarke and Tooker 2017). These cryptocurrencies have wide range of reaches and helps in savings by skipping the cost of processing that can be incurred in the traditional payment methods. The increase in the number of merchants adopting this technology of payment results in the increase of the number of customers availing the same. Technological analysis Block chains or the public ledger of Bitcoins need to be leveraged Environmental analysis An increase in the requirement of computational power is experienced with the growth of demand of the cryptocurrencies. Miners try and find alternative sources of electricity such as the cheap variety of coal in old places of production (Zohar 2015). Bitcoin is associated with 1.5 tonnes of carbon-dioxide emission. Legal analysis Any kind of regulatory measures against Bitcoins are hindered due to the decentralized nature of the cryptocurrency (Chuen 2015). This legal scenario is on its way to change. Many countries like USA, EU and Canada are working on measures to impost regulations on the cryptocurrency usage. In order to sustain itself in the market, a cryptocurrency must follow the five forces model of management by Porter. According to this model, the threats to the business due to new entrants must be removed. The threats due to the substitutes present in the market must also be removed. A business firm must be aware of the rivalry intensity among the other firms functioning in similar businesses. The firm should also keep an eye on the power of bargaining of the customers and the suppliers (E. Dobbs 2014; Rothaermel 2015). Conclusion Despite the issues and challenges faced, the landscape and scope of cryptocurrencies are still on its way of evolution. In the present day, cryptocurrencies are almost in the same footing as the concept of internet was back in the year 1990. The concept is in its formative stages and would need to go through a number of changes to be established as an alternate transaction method for the common man. Bitcoins may have earned the title of the first ever decentralized cryptocurrency but it might not be able to earn for itself the title of one of the major future cryptocurrencies. Despite its shortcomings, the open technology platform of bitcoins has been the forerunner of a smoother and more seamless digital economy globally. References Bitcoin.org 2017. [online] Available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. Bitcoin.org 2017.Bitcoin - Open source P2P money. [online] Bitcoin.org. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Bitcoin.org 2017.Press - Bitcoin. [online] Bitcoin.org. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/en/press [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Bollen, R., 2013. The legal status of online currencies: are bitcoins the future?.Browser Download This Paper. Brenig, C., Accorsi, R. and Mller, G., 2015, May. Economic Analysis of Cryptocurrency Backed Money Laundering. InECIS. Chuen, D.L.K. ed., 2015.Handbook of digital currency: Bitcoin, innovation, financial instruments, and big data. Academic Press. Clarke, C. and Tooker, L., 2017. Social finance meets financial innovation: contemporary experiments in payments, money and debt.Theory, Culture Society. Cryptosource.org 2017.Part 1: Hardware Requirements. [online] CryptoSource. Available at: https://cryptosource.org/mining/hardware-requirements/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Cryptosource.org 2017.Part 2: Software Requirements. [online] CryptoSource. Available at: https://cryptosource.org/mining/software-requirements/ [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Dictionary.cambridge.org 2017.cryptocurrency Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. [online] Dictionary.cambridge.org. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cryptocurrency [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Forbes.com 2017.Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/09/06/chinas-ico-ban-doesnt-mean-its-giving-up-on-crypto-currencies/#7d3c90767aeb [Accessed 5 Oct. 2017]. Heid, A., 2013. Analysis of the Cryptocurrency Marketplace.Retrieved February,15, p.2014. Lemieux, P., 2013. Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto?.Regulation,36(3), p.14. Marian, O.Y., 2013. Are Cryptocurrencies' Super'Tax Havens?. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Bitcoin price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/bitcoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Ethereum price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/litecoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Worldcoinindex.com 2017.Litecoin price | index, chart and news | WorldCoinIndex. [online] Worldcoinindex.com. Available at: https://www.worldcoinindex.com/coin/litecoin [Accessed 4 Oct. 2017]. Zohar, A., 2015. Bitcoin: under the hood.Communications of the ACM,58(9), pp.104-113. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-74098367065676427722020-04-20T04:48:00.001-07:002020-04-20T04:48:03.012-07:00Introduction Hyper Inflation Has Plagued Most Of The Worlds Developin Introduction Hyper inflation has plagued most of the world's developing countries over the past decades. Countries in the industrialised world, too, have at times duelled with dangerously high inflation rates in the post WWII era. With varying degrees of success, all have employed great efforts to bring their inflation rates within acceptable limits. Generally, a moderate rate of inflation has been the ultimate goal. More recently, however, a few countries have pursued policies that strive to eradicate inflation altogether through complete price stability. This has proven to be a contentious enterprise, which clearly indicates that there is still no universally accepted solution to the inflation problem. Indeed, there is not even an agreed consensus regarding the source of inflation itself. The monetarist perception that the root of inflation is solely the excessive creation of money remains. So too does the belief that inflation originates in the labour market. And amongst a variety of others, the opinion that inflation "serves the critical social purpose of resolving incompatible demands by different groups" is also strong. This last, and more widely accepted, case shows that the problem is hardly a technical one; but rather a political one. It highlights the now unquestionable fact that politics and inflation are inextricably linked. And as with all inherently political issues, consensus is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. But, political characteristics do provide flexibility. In some countries, high rates of inflation have clearly been compatible with rapid economic growth and fast rising standards of living. In such cases, it is quite reasonable to suggest that higher rates of inflation are acceptable--perhaps even necessary. In this setting, it is by no means clear that pursing a policy to stop moderate inflation is either required, or in the best interests of the mass of the population at all. While inflation guarantees that some will gain at th e expense of others, the redistributions of income and wealth which do take place can, on normal value grounds, be quite desirable. In other circumstances, it may be quite desirable to place strict controls on inflation, or strive to keep it at ?zero' level. Policies aimed at virtual price stability have been in use by central banks in Europe, New Zealand, and Canada over the past few years. Such policies have been particularly focused in Canada. As noted by Pierre Fortin, "the only objective the Bank of Canada has pursued since 1989 has been to establish and maintain the inflation rate at ?zero level', which it sees as a CPI inflation rate that is clearly below two percent" (italic added). To the surprise of many, it has been incredibly successful, achieving its objective several years before schedule. Although separated by only a few percentage points, Canada's policy is a sharp contrast to the moderate and balanced approach used in the U.S. "Since 1989 the Federal Reserve has bee n satisfied with achieving an inflation rate of around 3 percent. In setting the interest rate, it has continued to pay explicit attention to real economic growth and employment, with the result that the U.S. unemployment rate is currently in the 5 to 6 percent range." Based on this statistic alone, it can be argued that the more moderate U.S. approach has enjoyed greater success than the deflation oriented policy pursued by the Bank of Canada: Canada continues to be burdened with a higher rate of unemployment. Yet, it continues to believe that the unemployment costs of low inflation are ?transitory and small' . The directors of most European Central Banks also continue to support this dogma. Clearly, the credibility of the "classical idea that the Phillips trade off between inflation and unemployment disappears in the long run" is still very high throughout the world. But, in Canada, as in most of Europe, the waiting continues. This is not to suggest that the waiting game has been silent and entirely pleasant. Indeed, the relative lack (or lag!) of success of zero inflation policies and strict price controls has spurred much heated debate. As a case in point, more people are curious why Canada has exclusively focused on inflation cutting and turned a blind eye to the more balanced, and arguably more successful, approach adopted by the doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-53101454480041485722020-03-15T11:30:00.001-07:002020-03-15T11:30:03.117-07:00The Future of Early Education Importance of PreschoolThe Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool Did you know thatà Forbes.com reports that the Department of Education has awarded almost $250 million in an effort to ensure that development of early education programs, preschool, continue to best serve children from low- and moderate-income families? This is one example of the Presidents long-standing plan to offer free, universal pre-school for these families. However, President Trumps latest budget for 2019 education appears to be reducing fundingà for schools. As we know, in President Obamas 2013 State of the Union address he unveiled his plan for universal Pre-K or pre-kindergarten education for four-year-olds. His plan would guarantee kids whose household income is at or below 200% of the poverty line a free pre-K education with local schools and local partners, and their teachers would have the same training as K-12 teachers. In addition, the programs would offer many of the benefits of private school pre-kindergarten programs, including small class sizes, high adult-to-child ratios, and assessment of the programs provided. The program would also expand the number of full-day kindergarten programs available. Unease in Regards to the Future of Early Childhood Education However, despite these advancements, there is unease as a result of the new leadership of our nation coming; many people are unsure about the future of early childhood programs. Betsy DeVos has been chosen by President Donald Trump to take on the role of Education Secretary, and her position on pre-school funding is not clear; the same can be said for the President. As a result, there are some who are uncomfortable with the uncertainty, and the latest budget developments are not alieviating fears.à Why Pre-Kindergarten is So Important While many private schools offer high-quality pre-kindergarten programs and full-day kindergartens, providing enriching educational opportunities for children under age 6, many children who attend public schools, particularly children living in poverty, do not have access to these programs. According to the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 28% of 4-year-olds were enrolled in a pre-kindergarten program in the 2011-2012 school year, which represents an increase over the 14% of four-year-olds who did so in 2002. Yet, pre-kindergarten programs are critical to childrenââ¬â¢s long-term success, and experts at NIEER have documented that children who have been enrolled in high-quality pre-kindergarten programs enter kindergarten with better vocabularies and more advanced pre-reading and math skills than children who donââ¬â¢t have access to these programs. Kids enrolled in pre-k programs arenââ¬â¢t just learning how to recognize letters and numbers; they are also learning critical social skills and the importance of working independently in the classroom. Through high-quality pre-k programs, they develop the confidence to take on more advanced classroom work. Many children struggle with social skills and behavioral problems in kindergarten, and many children are even kicked out of kindergarten. Pre-kindergarten programs are essential in teaching kids the social skills they need for later grades, not just the academic skills. Pre-K Benefits Last a Lifetime The benefits of pre-kindergarten education last well beyond kindergarten. According to research conducted by NIEER, there are amazing long-term economic benefits from early childhood education for children in poverty. For example, life-time earnings of some children increase by hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the economics benefits of these programs outweigh the costs by a factor of up to 16 (in some programs). In addition, such programs show that participants have lower crime rates and decreased rates of welfare dependence as adults, so the benefits of early childhood education can last a lifetime. According to the White House Fact Sheet on Obamaââ¬â¢s educational plan, children from low-income families are less likely to have access to pre-kindergarten programs, and middle-class families also struggle to afford private pre-school programs, yet these programs are critical to childrenââ¬â¢s long-term school success. Children from low-income families who are not reading at grade level by third grade are six times less likely to graduate from high school. According to the Fact Sheet from the White House, only 60% of American children have access to full-day kindergarten programs, yet these programs are also essential to teaching children skills critical skills for later academic success. Pre-kindergarten programs are a promising way to reduce adult poverty in this country and to provide the essential skills workers need as adults. Working with at-risk children in the primary or middle school years may be too late, and while private schools offer high-quality pre-school and early education programs, research studies have documented the need to expand these programs to state-funded programs across the country. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-5358816006327200832020-02-28T01:56:00.001-08:002020-02-28T01:56:02.864-08:00LOU Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsLOU Survey - Essay Example n; Level III ââ¬â state of mechanical use; Level IV A ââ¬â state of routine; Level IV B ââ¬â state of refinement; Level V ââ¬â state of integration; Level VI ââ¬â state of renewal. The behavior of the majority of the users or specific groups of users will dictate the decision of the organization on the terms of intervention, planning and preparation for the technology or technologies that they will have to adopt. Orr and Mrazek (2008) have used the LoU along with Stages of Concern (CoN) to assess the ââ¬Å"professional growth of among the professionals pursuing graduate course work in educational technologyâ⬠(p. 2) at the University of Lethbridge in Alberta, Canada. What they did was to formulate statements that describe the level of their use or the extent of their confidence with respect to their manner of using technologies instead of just labeling the choices with numbers similar to a Likert scale. This was deemed much better since the respondents will not be biased in their answers. Examples of the statements used in their study are as follows: I really donââ¬â¢t know anything about this technology, or am not sure that it would be useful for my classes ââ¬â to reflect level 0; I am collaborating with colleagues to develop ways in which we can use this technology to better meet our common objectives for our classes ââ¬â to reflect level V; and finally I still use this technology, but I am exploring other technologies to replace it that will better meet the objectives for my classes ââ¬â to reflect level VI. The interpretation of the data gathered from this survey is a simple computation of the mean, median and standard deviation of the responses of the respondents. The data gathered will of course reflect the common technologies being used by the respondents and what they do not know how to use or what they donââ¬â¢t use. This will somehow provide insight on what technologies they need to be trained on and the possible technologies that would be practically fit for doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-74138442640980688492020-02-11T18:40:00.001-08:002020-02-11T18:40:33.816-08:00International Financial institution and markets EssayInternational Financial institution and markets - Essay Example The report seeks to identify various factors which are considered as of advantage as well as of disadvantage for the UK to enter into such an agreement of currency union. It also deals with whether the Euro could substitute the US dollar as the major currency in the global market. 2 Euro is considered to be a currency that is widely used by the European Union Institutions and it is said to be the official currency for euro zone. Euro zone comprises 18 member states out of the 28 member states that is said to constitute the European Union such as Spain, Slovenia, Netherlands, Malta, Portugal, Luxembourg, Greece, Germany, France, Finland, Estonia to name a few. There are also other five European countries that use the currency Euro and as a consequence is said to be used by 334 million Europeans currently. Moreover it is considered that 210 million people across the universe including 182 million from Africa use currencies that are said to be pegged to the currency euro. Euro is considered to be the second largest reserve currency in the globe after the US dollar. It is also considered as the second most traded currency in the universe after the US dollar. Euro is considered to be a single currency arrangement which came into force between members of European Uni on in the year 1999. The implication of a single currency is that there are no different national monetary policies. In this regard, the Central Bank of Europe was set up which used to conduct wide monetary policy and also sets the interest rates in Europe. This resulted into a loss of different national monetary policies, exchange rates, and interest rates. In this regard, the intention of Germany to introduce an economic policy to fight against unemployment is considered as very difficult as this role can only be played by the European Central Bank. There are numerous advantages to sector of financial services with regard to Britain joining the Euro. In the absence of floating exchange rate, the relative doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-63608909376003797842020-01-31T11:41:00.001-08:002020-01-31T11:41:03.259-08:00Mountain Due Case Essay Example for Free Mountain Due Case Essay What changes in the environment provided the opportunity for the Dewmocracy approach? The opportunities that created the environment was a new wave of marketing normal TV ads and news papers and magazines were not being as affective. So with the millennium wave, dewmocracy starting using internet and especially social media such as blogs, twitter, facebook, MySpace etc. Mountain Dew decided to focus on the customers they already had and harnesses their passion for mountain dew. Which of the promotional elements described in Figure 17-2 were used by Mountain Dew in its Dewmocracy 2 campaign? Explain your answer. The promotional elements that were used in the Dewmocracy 2 campaign are advertising, sales promotion and direct marketing. The reason why I say advertising because mountain dew is trying to reach the mass which is efficient for a large amounts of people. Every time they market a product they advertise. It was also sales promotion because the campaign very flexible and for the mass. The customers felt comfortable in their social media and online on the dewocracy websites chatting. It was also direct marketing because it was used over the computer and people were creating mountain dew twitter accounts to vote for their favorite drink. Also making videos of testing things which goes to the customization part the customer was able to choose the drink that they thought was the best. #3 What are some of the different ways Mountain Dew can assess the success of its campaign? Be specific using information you have learned from the textbook. Note that the Grade Center on Blackboard has these cases listed. Mountain Dew can definitely asses the success of their campaign first just by looking at their market sales. Using their variable cost, fixed cost and so forth. Also they can assess their success by the market testing they did they went by they went by the new product process which increased their chances of doing well which they did. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-2095456125328196582020-01-23T08:05:00.001-08:002020-01-23T08:05:02.514-08:00Victorian Social Reform in Britain :: European Europe HistoryVictorian Social Reform in Britain When considering the changes brought about in the social policy of Great Britain, in the decades immediately either side of 1900, one must look at the nation `s industrial history. The position as the world` s premier industrial nation had been cemented by the mid nineteenth century, achieved in part, as it was the first nation to industrialise. However, the headlong embrace of laissez- faire capitalism ignored the social infrastructure, and the emigration from the depressed agricultural areas to the industrial areas caused immense strain on the poorly-planned towns and cities. At the dawn of industrialisation, there were those who expressed concern about the health and hygiene of the dense industrial areas, notably Freidrich Engels, whose study of Manchester and London in 1844 collated in "Conditions of The Working Class in England" painted a truly dismal picture of urban squalor and hopelessness. " Such is the Old Town of Manchester, and on re-reading my description, I am forced to admit that instead of being exaggerated, it is far from black enough to convey a true impression of the filth, ruin, and uninhabitableness, the defiance of all considerations of cleanliness, ventilation, and health which characterise the construction of this single district, containing at least twenty to thirty thousand inhabitants. And such a district exists in the heart of the second city of England, the first manufacturing city of the world. If any one wishes to see in how little space a human being can move, how little air - and such air! - he can breathe, how little of civilisation he may share and yet live, it is only necessary to travel hither." (Engels.F. 1844 p.84 ) The publication, in 1842, of the" Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain" elicited, and perhaps foresaw, the protests of disbelief. Edwin Chadwick was responsible for the report and also invoked the image of the "unknown country" as Henry Mayhew later did to bring to public attention the abysmal conditions with which the labouring poor had to contend. His principal concern appeared to be with "the miasma" emanating from decaying matter "the poisonous exhalations" which were the source of their physical, moral and mental deterioration. At the height of the cholera epidemic, the flushing of the sewers in order to dissipate the miasma, actually aggravated the problem by further contamination of the water supply, in the face of the advice which stated that the disease was spread by germs and infection. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-11948965599170067432020-01-15T04:28:00.001-08:002020-01-15T04:28:04.265-08:00Challenges faced by Uk economyErosion's growth forecast at 0. 8%, next year 1. 3% Global growth expected at 3. 3%, next year 3. 8%, both still termed too optimistic by MIFF, despite revising it the 2nd time this year Auk's expected growth rate 2. -3. 1%, revised from 3. 8%. 2013-14 growth was 1. 7 exports. 6% growth, revision from 2. 2%. All above fgfiguresre for 2014-15 fiscal The dilemma Economy growing despite loans reducing. Shows bad state of manufacturing sector, not good in long run Key interest rates can't be increased as unemployment still hihighlandacan'te reduced as it will increase inflation Real Growth The nominal figures may fool many, so we show the growth in Real GDGAPince the start of 2013, the I-JKJconomy has experienced positive economic growth ââ¬â one of the elelatedlyest performances in Europe.However, Real GDGAPs still fractionally below its pre-crisis peak of 2007. The recovery has been stronger in the service sector than manufacturing and industrial output. There are fears the I-JKJec overy is still unbalanced ââ¬â relying on government spending, service sector and ultra-loose monetary policy. 0AAndhat it might worsen once the key interest rates are increased Real GDGAPs not yet back to the pre-crisis level. The fgfigureshown by us are as per the data currently available in the public domain.And so, it is worth bearing in mind that sometimes economic growth statistics get evbeviest a later stage. 0 Factors affecting growth Self-explanatory Challenges Unemployment Define and introduce the problem on your own. Explain the diagram Reasons Recession ââ¬â causing cyclical, demand deficient unemployment. With falling real GDGAPfirms are producing less and therefore, there is less demand for workers. Also in a recession, some firms go out of business causing people to lose their Jobs. Structural factors. There is structural unemployment due to the fast changing nature of the economy.For example, manufacturing Jobs have been lost due to the economy becoming more service sector based. Some unemployed workers have found it difficult to get Jobs in new high tech industries because they lack the relevant skills. Problems Increases relative poverty in the UK. (Unemployment benefits are substantially lower than average wages). Unemployment is particularly stressful, causing alienation and reduced living standards. Budgetary cost. Persistently high unemployment adds to the budget deficit. The government have to spend more on benefits, and they receive lower taxes.If unemployment falls, it will be much easier to tackle the budget deficit. In August 2014, Public sector net debt (PSSANDx) was El ,432. biBillion77. 4% of GDGAPIn the short term, government debt is less pressing than the government have claimed. Since 2010, they have given indication that reducing debt levels are the most pressing economic problem. Because of debt, the government have pursued austerity leading to lower growth. I feel the government unnecessarily panicked over debt. Neve rtheless, long term spending commitments and long-term debt forecasts are a problem.With an ageing population and perhaps lower growth rates, it could be difficult to finance long-term spending commitments from current tax levels. Debt is a long-term problem rather than short-term. Reasons 2008-13 recession (lower tax receipts, higher spending on unemployment benefits). The recession particularly hit stamp duty (falling house prices) income tax and lower corporation tax. Financial bailout of Northern Rock, RBORBSLlLloydnd other banks. Interest Payments. The cost of paying interest on the government's debt is very high.In 2011 Debt interest payments were E4EYEillion a year (esest.3% of GDGAP Public sector debt interest payments will be the 4th highest department after social security, health and education. Debt interest payments could rise close to E7Beeniven the forecast rise in national debt. Higher Taxes / lower spending in the future. Crowding out of private sector investment / s pending. The structural deficit will only get worse as an ageing population places greater strain on the UKAuk'sension liabilities. (demographic time bomb) Potential negative impact on exchange rate.Potential of rising interest rates as markets become more reluctant to lend to the I-JKJovernment. Inflation CPICPnflation rate: 1. 5% (expected) Inflation is currently a relatively minor problem because it has fallen to be within the ovoverpayment'sarget. However, with rising energy prices, it could resume its upward trend in the coming months. This cost-push inflation is a problem because with low nominal wage growth, many could see a fall in living standards (causing an increase in fuel poverty). Also, savers may be adversely affected because interest rates are low.Reasons Rising energy prices Low real wages Fall in living standards Increased poverty Current Account Deficit The deterioration in the UK current account is a cause for some concern because it is occurring in a recession. Usually a recession leads to lower imports and an mpimprovementn the current account. This deterioration in the current account suggests the I-JKJould have declining international competitiveness, though it may also be a temporary situation related to EuRezonerisis. Reasons Overvalued exchange rates. Countries in the EuRezonehich became uncompetitive (e. . Greece, Portugal and Spain) experienced large current account deficits. This is imports are cheaper. This encourages domestic consumers to buy imports. It also makes it hard for exporters because they are relatively uncompetitive. High Consumer Spending. If there is rapid growth in consumer spending, then there tends to be an increase in imports causing a deterioration in the current account. For example, in the 19sassoom, we saw a fall in the savings rate and a rise in I-JKJonsumer spending; this caused a record current account deficit.The recession of 1991 caused an improvement in the current account as import spending fell. Unb alanced Economy. An economy focused on consumer spending rather than investment and exports will tend to have a bigger current account deficit. Competitiveness. Related to the exchange rate is the general competitiveness of irrimsIf there is a decline in relative competitiveness, e. g.GriRisingage costs, industrial unrest, poor quality goods ââ¬â then it is harder to export causing a deterioration in the current account.Recommended Solutions Reduce consumer spending ââ¬â through tight fiscal and tight monetary policy. E. g.GhiHigherncome tax will reduce disposable income and therefore reduce spending on imports (however, it will also lead to lower economic growth) Supply side policies to improve competitiveness Devaluation of the exchange rate. This makes exports cheaper and imports more expensive Poor lalaborroductivity LaLaborroductivity measures the output per worker in a period of time. LaLaborroductivity is an important factor in determining the productive potential of the economy.Reasons LaLaboroarding. (When firms hold onto workers). Unemployment has risen by a smaller amount in the '08-'12 recession ââ¬â compared to previous recessions in 1981 and 1991, and now unemployment has fallen to 6. 2% . This could support the theory that firms are preferring to hang onto workers, despite lower demand. Firms may feel this prevents having to rehire and retrain workers after the recession ends. Though he length of this current recession makes this surprising, and it's uncertain why it's happening in 2008-12 more than previous recessions. Low levels of investment.The credit crunch has held back investment because firms struggle to gain finance or don't have the confidence to invest in new capital. This could hold back lalaborroductivity growth. Falling real wages. During the recession, the I-JKJas seen falls in real wage growth. If real wages are lower, firms may be more willing to employ lalaborather than capital. In other words low wage growth means lalabors relatively more attractive than usual. Therefore with lower lalaborosts, firms are willing to employ more workers and lalaborntensive production methods.Lower output Lower wages ââ¬â With falling productivity, firms cannot afford wage increases. This is leading to depressed income tax receipts for the government. Lack of Infrastructure Investment The recession has seen a fall in public sector investment. This threatens long-term there are also concerns over other supply side problems, such as inflexible lalaborarkets and lack of vocational skills. External Factors Many of the I-JKJroblems are due to domestic factors: low spending, low investment, egactiveutput gap. However, because the I-JKJelies on trade with other countries, especially Europe, external factors are a potential problem. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-25825132841249787692020-01-07T00:51:00.001-08:002020-01-07T00:51:03.847-08:00Language Development in Children Essay - 1959 Words Language Development in Children Language is a multifaceted instrument used to communicate an unbelievable number of different things. Primary categories are information, direction, emotion, and ceremony. While information and direction define cognitive meaning, emotion language expresses emotional meaning. Ceremonial language is mostly engaged with emotions but at some level information and direction collection may be used to define a deeper meaning and purpose. There is perhaps nothing more amazing than the surfacing of language in children. Children go through a number of different stages as language develops. According to Craig and Dunn, (2010), ââ¬Å"Even before birth, it appears that infants are prepared to respond to and learnâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They have the ability to sense and respond to their environment quite well. Patricia Kuhl, codirector of the University of Washington Institute for learning and Brain Sciences Seattle, Washington states, ââ¬Å"The brain of the baby is a new frontier.â⬠Newborns begin to develop communication skills by crying to express their wants and needs to their caregivers. There are pain or discomfort cries, anger cries, and hunger cries to define how the baby is feeling. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), ââ¬Å"The development production begins with undifferentiated cries at birth, which soon adapts so they convey different meanings to their caregiversâ⬠(p. 112). Babies begin to learn language skills pretty quickly by listening and interacting with their caregivers. ââ¬Å"The babyââ¬â¢s brain is really flexible, they can not say much but they are learning a lot.â⬠says Rebecca Gomex, an experimental psychologist at the University of Arizona, Tucson (Sohn, (2008). A baby will begin their language journey by using their tongue, lips, palate, and, teeth to make sounds. By twelve weeks infants begin to coo, and smile when talked to. Infants can distinguish between similar sounds such as b, p, d, and t. Infants at this age can tell the difference between children and adult speech sounds/tones. According to Crain and Dunn (2010), ââ¬Å"Although babies usually do not begin using words until near the end of their first year, they are nonetheless acquiring a knowledge of language duringShow MoreRelatedLanguage And Its Impact On Children Development1487 Words à |à 6 Pageswe think of language as an object, one made of words, sentences and grammar, sounds, symbols and gestures that a society or community creates to communicate with one another. However, reflecting on the above statement, language has deeper meaning and can show identity, expression and cultural backgrounds within a person. Itââ¬â¢s an expression of who we are as people, communities and nations. Though there are multiple things that impact the way in which we view, learn and express language as adults andRead MoreDevelopment Of Children s Language1485 Words à |à 6 PagesThis essay will discuss the deve lopment of children s language, and the different rates that children learn the language and the methods that they use to do this, this also takes into account those children who have SEN, learning difficulties or children who have been diagnosed with a language delay. The definition of language delay is; if he or she is not meeting the language developmental milestones for his or her age. (www.healthline.com/health/language-delay) Child A 3 Years 5 Months ChildRead MoreLanguage Development in Preschool Children2623 Words à |à 11 PagesLanguage Development In Preschool Children Jamie Lisowski ECE 315 Professor Radkowski January 30, 2012 Language development and literacy is at the forefront of early childhood education. Parents are being encouraged to read more to their children now more than ever. Early experiences with language are the foundation for success in later school years. This is why it is important to infuse language in every way in the classroom. The infant, toddler, and preschool years are viewed as the pointRead MoreLanguage and Literacy Development in Preschool Children629 Words à |à 3 PagesLanguage and Literacy Development in Preschool Children Long before a child begins to speak, he is already communicating with the world around him. From a very young age, a baby knows that a cry will draw a parentââ¬â¢s attention and that holding out his arms means ââ¬Å"pick me up. And long before a child learns to read and write, he has already embarked on the path to literacy. Playing with a book, pointing to a sign or scribbling on a piece of paper ââ¬â all of these are signs of emergent literacyRead MoreLanguage Development For Children Ages 32331 Words à |à 10 PagesElma Reynolds Assessing Language Development Vanguard University ECED-106-ONL2-15SU August 6, 2015 Professor Robin Fairfield Introduction Language development entails the abilities of listening and understanding, and has proven the fact that babies still in the womb attend to the sounds of language from their environment. Language ability is defined as a representational thinking meaning having the know how to use things like symbol or images as a mental reminder. Researcher VygotskyRead MoreLanguage Development And Supporting Children With English As An Additional Language1968 Words à |à 8 Pagesfind and develop the book corner with the use of stories to support children with English as an Additional Language (EAL) within an early years setting. Recommendations in the form of evaluation to show the best methods which will help to improve the way support is given to children with EAL within the early years setting. The report includes the use of research in linking to theories of language development and supporting children with EAL, practice, parent partnership in the form of gaining informationRead MoreDiversity Among Children In Language And Development .1797 Words à |à 8 PagesDiversity Among Children in Language and Development Children from across the world come to America with their parents to chase the American dream. Their families leave everything behind to provide better future and opportunities for their children. Parents migrate to this country facing many difficult challenges along the way. Society today plays a huge role on how people are viewed based on its family ethnicity or its development. Children have the most tough time adapting to society norms andRead MoreThe Theory Of Language For Children With Language Impairments, And The Zone Of Proximal Development Essay1584 Words à |à 7 PagesSpeech language pathology is a constantly evolving field. In truth, assessment strategies and therapies are constantly being improved because of the influences of Swiss biologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), who developed theories of cognitive development among children. While these theories are similar in some ways, they also have key differences, such as the fact that Piaget thought children developed through stages, whereas Vygotsky stressed a moreRead MoreEssay on Language Development in Hearing-impaired Children1734 Words à |à 7 Pageshere at Ashford. I think a lot had to do with finding four articles that I could really relate to. Well, then again finding the articles that interested me the most in one of the following areas: cognitive development, language development, social development, or memory and the brain in children and infants. Most students would say that this is easy, however, my situation is not like most students. I have a 6 year old little girl, named Racine, that is my true inspiration. She is the reason whyRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky And Language Development In Children1748 Words à |à 7 Pagesinfluential thinkers who have impacted the speech and language pathology field with their key theories. Piaget believed that there are four main stages in a childââ¬â¢s development that lead to a child learning language. Without these stages, Piaget argues that a child cannot cognitively grow at an appropriate pace (Kaderavek, 2105, p. 18 and p. 23). However, Vygotsky argues the Social Interactionist Theory, which states children develop language through social interacting with adults who are linguistically doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-91351923478520682442019-12-29T21:15:00.001-08:002019-12-29T21:15:03.662-08:00The Great Literary Works of Solomon Essay - 1693 Words The Great Literary Works of Solomon Mary A. Wilson BIB 113 ââ¬â Old Testament History Grand Canyon University Dr. Calvin Habig, Instructor August 16, 2009 The Great Literary Works of Solomon The purpose of the Book of Psalms is to provide the expression of praise, worship and confession to God. The purpose of the Book of Proverbs is to teach people how to attain wisdom, discipline, and a prudent life, and how to do what is right, just, and fair. In short, to apply divine wisdom to daily life and to provide moral instruction. In the following paragraphs, we will compare the two Books. (Life Application Study Bible, New International Version, Tyndale) In the book, An Historical Survey of the Old Testament byâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These proverbs are short poems (usually in couplet form), containing a holy mixture of common sense and timely warnings. Although they are not meant to teach doctrine, a person who follows their advice will walk closely with God. The word proverb comes from a Hebrew word that means ââ¬Å"to rule or to govern,â⬠and these sayings, reminders, and admonitions provide advice for governing our lives. References An Historical Survey of the Old Testament, second edition, by Eugene H. Merrill, Baker Academic, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Life Application Study Bible, New International Version, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. Heartlights, Search Godââ¬â¢s Word, www.searchgodsword.org Edited by Mary A. Wilson (mwilson09), August 16, 2009 at 3:00 AM REFERENCES Niswonger, Richard L. (1992). New Testament History. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House. Thomas, Robert L. and Stanley N. Grundy (1987). The NIV Harmony of the Gospels. New York: Harper One Publishers. INSTRUCTORS COMMENTS: Mary: I am still puzzled by your use of two resource lists, but you have done a good job. Thank you. Score: 11 /11 |The Great Literary Works ofShow MoreRelatedSong of Solomon Essay1068 Words à |à 5 PagesToni Morrisonââ¬â¢s novel, Song of Solomon, encompasses many themes that were prevalent in the other novels written in the same time period. Morrison produced this novel in 1977 just as racial issues and discrimination were at its peaks. ââ¬Å"She [Morrison] was the first African American to receive the Noble Prize in Literature.â⬠(Milliman 5) However, the setting of the story is in the 1930s when World War II was taking place. The novel is based on an African-American family residing in Michigan who areRead MoreEssay about Stephen Cranes The Bride Comes To Yellow Sky1034 Words à |à 5 PagesComes to Yellow Sky Stephen Cranes The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, as well as his other Western stories, owe much to Mark Twains approach to the West. According to Eric Solomon, both authorsâ⬠¦used humor to comment on the flaws of traditional fictional processes (237). While employing parody of the Western literary tradition, Crane also uses realism to depict the influence of the East on the West. In The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, Stephen Crane uses symbolism to develop his study of theRead More Keatsââ¬â¢ Love for Fanny Brawne in The Eve of St. Agnes Essay1167 Words à |à 5 Pagesbut three summer daysââ¬âthree such days with you I could fill with more delight than fifty common years could ever containâ⬠ââ¬âJohn Keats to Fanny Brawne (Bate 538). As the colloquial phrase goesâ⬠¦behind every great man, lies a great woman, but in John Keatsââ¬â¢ case, the woman is neither great nor his superior but inspires greatness in the Romantic poet. This woman calls herself Fanny Brawne. She was intellectually inferior to Keats, but her sprightly character added rich, sensuosity to his writingRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon 1213 Words à |à 5 PagesVictoria Sirianni Ms. Thompson AP ELA 4 21 July 2015 Song of Solomon Producing the plot with a vivid image and motive allowed Toni Morrison to incorporate numerous literary works to enhance the allusions in the story. These specific allusions gave readers a more accurate understanding of certain aspects of the book. As well as this, readers are capable of searching beyond just the surface of what the words say. The common useRead MoreSong of Solomon by Tony Morrison1810 Words à |à 7 PagesGet Up and Fly In Tony Morrisonââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Song of Solomonâ⬠it explores the discovery of ethnic identities. It depicts the life of Macon Milkman Dead, a withdrawn loner who doesnââ¬â¢t feel accepted by others and is disconnected with his family and heritage. With help from others in his community Milkman takes a trip to discover himself and his roots bringing him closer to the true meaning of his purpose. Milkman in turn realizes that flight represents liberation from a life of restrictions, set in an era ofRead MoreBiography of Toni Morrison1620 Words à |à 7 PagesMorrison is a Nobel Prize- and Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, editor and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue and richly detailed black characters. Among her best known novels are The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon and Beloved. Morrison has won nearly every book prize possible. She has also been awarded honorary degrees. Early Career Born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio, Toni Morrison was the second oldest of four children. HerRead MoreLiterary Elements Of Maya Angelou1976 Words à |à 8 PagesLiterary Elements of Maya Angelou and Toni Morrison Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. She was a writer and civil rights activist best known for her 1969 memoir, ââ¬Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.â⬠As a young child Angelou witnessed her parentsââ¬â¢ divorce and she and her brother were sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. While in Arkansas, she constantly experienced racism and discrimination, and she was able to translate the emotions that she felt, intoRead MoreThe Old Testament Essay1498 Words à |à 6 Pagesthat pastors face in regard to morality in todayââ¬â¢s society and how it compares to the Old Testament. He points out that pastors often overlook these aspects: 1. Our world raises many ethical issues that the Bible does not reference. 2. Scripture works with many perspectives that have little if any pertinence to todayââ¬â¢s world, from the treatment of women and slaves to serve punishments. 3. The Old Testament especially is thought to be problematic ethically and hence is less helpful than the NewRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of How Of Read Literature Like A Professor By Thomas C. Foster1089 Words à |à 5 Pagesmultiple literary strategies on how to read literature like a professor or someone with his literary skill. . With all of these literary strategies, symbolism is one that recurs frequently the throughout the entire book. Fosterââ¬â¢s use of different techniques of symbolism help the reader understand different meanings behind what writers say. These techniques that Foster uses weather, from rain to fog, and the seasons. Weather and seasons are an amazing example of symbolism in literary works. In chapterRead MoreThe Wife of Bath: A Literary Analysis Essay1093 Words à |à 5 Pagesmost famed work, The Canterbury Tales. One of the most respected highly analyzed of all of the tales, this particular one is important both for its character development and its prevailing themes. It seamlessly integrates ideas on society at that time with strong literary development. This work stands the test of time both because of its literary qualities and because of what it can teach us about the role of women in late Medieval society. In terms of literary quality, Chaucer went great lengths doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-46695709984639884352019-12-21T17:03:00.001-08:002019-12-21T17:03:03.473-08:00Masturbation And Sexual Pleasure During The 19th Century April Haynes lectured and wrote about masturbation and sexual pleasure in the 19th century. She covered the history behind the women-led reformation of sexual pleasure and desire in women, and spoke about the anti-masturbation movement, which was surprisingly lead by women in the same era. I found these talks to be very interesting in that they covered a discrepancy between the wonder of sex, and the female reintroduction to knowledge about their body, and anti-masturbation, which was an ideology enforced by women of that time. An overarching theme in the 19th century was the ideology of passionlessness. This claimed that women were incapable of experiencing sexual pleasure, and had no sexual desire. It was prevalent throughout the early 19th century, but middle class reformers shifted this view in the 1830s. Male lecturers used to only give men talks about their own sexual bodies, but the reform was headed by these lecturers as well. They began to speak about womanââ¬â¢s sexual b odies, emphasizing that women have as much sexual desire as men, and could achieve orgasm through hetrosexual sex. Women from the middle class, and lower middle class, attended these lectures to gather information on their own bodies. 19th century women did not know about their own bodies as they did in the past, which attracted women to these lectures, in an attempt to re-obtain this held knowledge. The popularity of these lectures not only caused a reform against the ideology of passionlessness, butShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words à |à 7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSex Toys And Their Key Functional And Semiotic Components1129 Words à |à 5 Pagesto the use and interpretation of dildos. A dildo is a phallic shaped object intended for bodily penetration during masturbation or sex with a partner or multiple partners (dictionary.com, 2014). Early forms of dildos (made from stone, antler, etc.) date back to the Upper Paleolithic period (Marshack, 1972) and 3rd Century Greece. Modern-style dildos began surfacing around the 19th Century (Deka, 2005; Fahs Swank, 2013) and were made from rubber. The word dildo is loosely believed to derive fromRead MoreHysteria, Not Only Oppressed Female Social Upliftment1566 Words à |à 7 PagesDuring the 19th century, Hysteria, not only oppressed female social upliftment but it, led to a misconception of the sexual health of females. This misconception, as well as its unravelling was heavily influenced by the developments of Western medicine. The following essay will look at these developments, focusing on how the invention of the vibrator changed the perception of the female orgasm, sexual desire and pleasure. To begin with, the two-s ex model and the influence of religious movements willRead MoreThe Turin Erotic Papyrus Essay1207 Words à |à 5 Pages The Turin Erotic Papyrus Majd Al Habbal American University of Beirut Abstract In 19th Century Egypt, an extraordinary discovery was made; a document contained in a pot known as the Turin Erotic Papyrus and it is one of the most controversial sexual artifacts ever found of the ancient civilizations. Even by todayââ¬â¢s norms, the 3,000 years old images of the Papyrus are explicit and pornographic. If we are able to decode the symbols and codes of Ancient Egypt, perhaps we canRead MoreArtist Exploring Socially Sensitive Subjects: Sex1036 Words à |à 5 Pages Before and during the 19th century, most paintings, sculptures, and art pieces focused on the features of a humans body. During this time, most artist believed that showing these features of a human could show the role a woman and man had in life. 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Hysteria as the researcher noted, had many symptoms in common with chronic arousal. Several solutions were stated in the article to resolve hysteria. One solution given was that doctors or midwifes would massage a womanââ¬â¢s genitals with their finger until orgasm was reached, and those women who were married were advised to engage in vigorous sexual intercourse with their husbands until orgasmRead MoreThe Debat e on Infant Circumcision Essay1442 Words à |à 6 Pagescalculations by SDI Health, a company in Plymouth Meeting, Pa. that analyzes health care dataâ⬠. Why are so many deciding to not have the elective procedure even though the rate of complication is extraordinarily low? What about the arguments for hygiene, sexual satisfaction, psychological and social concerns and, lest we dismiss, religious views? Per WebMD ââ¬Å"Male circumcision is a surgery to remove the foreskin, a fold of skin that covers and protects the rounded tip of the penis. The foreskin providesRead MoreFreud s Theories Of Human Sexual Development Essay1961 Words à |à 8 PagesHuman sexual development begins in the womb and traverses the entire life span. From fetal hormonal influences that determine expressed sex to nascent sexual discovery in toddlers, dramatic physical changes during puberty, and sexual partners in adulthood, sexuality follows us throughout every major developmental stage in life (some developmental stages even being defined by sexual changes, e.g. menarche, spermarche, and menopause). With sexuality being such an integral part of the human experience doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-83951161526458394202019-12-13T13:34:00.001-08:002019-12-13T13:34:03.065-08:00Good communication skill are essential Free Essays The most comprehensive note taking system requires attention on your part to enhance understanding. Effective note taking is an important practice to master at university. When you think of written sources you need to keep in mind that not all of the text is relevant to you. We will write a custom essay sample on Good communication skill are essential or any similar topic only for you Order Now You need to build your skill of thinking and organising ideas by using main ideas and supporting ideas. Note taking can be used in abbreviations and you can create your own abbreviation as long as you are the erson who knows what these abbreviations means as we use many strategies for listening note taking, we can also take notes while we are reading. The good way of note taking in reading is that you can write all the references of the text to make it easier for you when you are reviewing your information later on. One way of being an active reader is by using skimming and scanning. They force you to work with a text anticipating, shaping and predicting the text before and during your eadingâ⬠(Grellier and Goerke, 2010, p. 14). Another way to improve your reading and extend your understanding by developing a systematic form of annotating that way make you to be more active as a reader also to help you find the information easily when you reviewing the text In order to understand and consider the early childhood current interests, development and learning you need to take notes. As teachers can use these notes to create a complete developmental picture of young children. It can also offer important information for parent/teacher conferences. By developing a system and keeping them objective. How to cite Good communication skill are essential, Papers doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-34492142077032551232019-12-05T09:53:00.001-08:002019-12-05T09:53:04.388-08:00Changing Business Environment in Globalization â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Changing Business Environment in Globalization. Answer: Introduction Lee (2017) stated that globalization is a process that resembles ease in business and communication among diverse nations. Businesspeople opt for globalization for developing the opportunity in trading; attain ease in outsourcing and procurement and for economic enhancement. Organizations desires to promote their brand and merchandise in other nation get encouraged if globalization is valued. Elliott (2017) also highlighted one advantageous aspect of globalization that is the higher the international trade among different counties, the greater will be the GDP of the worlds Economy. This impact can be witnessed through the growth in World GDP and global trade from the year 1980 to 2016 (Chandran, 2017). Image 1: Growth in World GDP and Global Trade (Source: Chandran, 2017) Elliott (2017) also depicted that countries that are the part of a union face less challenges in adopting the procedure of globalization and trading procedures. European Unions are one of such examples where all the member nations were prospering with high benefits. However, United Kingdom opted for has voted to LEAVE the EU for their further development self-dependency in business and trade but the assumption of increasing globalization and trade has been called into question. This essay thus aims to explain the reasons for the above mentioned aspects along with the implications. Discussion The United Kingdome was not a member country of European Communities till 1973 (Goodman, 2017). The concerned nation had joined the community through a referendum in 1975 but after four decades, in the leadership of Donald Trump, the nation again demands for leaving the European Union (BBC News, 2017). 51.89% of voters voted for leaving the European Union; whereas, only 48.11% desired to remain a member of the European Union (BBC News, 2017). The prime reason for quitting the EU was many British think that European Union is not able to serve the purpose of maintaining financial balance and trade among its members nation. Goodman (2017) stated that people also believe that can take control away from individual nations without any prior communication that can affect their economy to a great extent. In addition to that people of Britain also believed that UK's relationship with Europe was never stable and thus people or voters who have witnessed the pre-Brexit era support this belief. A ccording to BBC published article, 75% of the voters, who have voted for Bexit are above 65 years of age; while only 54% and 43% of the voters are 25-34 year olds and 18-24 year olds respectively (BBC News, 2017). In the year 2015 that is pre-brexit 44% of UK export was directed to EU Member States (Dhingra et al., 2017). It is also stated that this is equivalent to the scenario that 53% of total imports are formulated in EU regions (BBC News, 2017). Hine (2017) highlighted that this case is vulnerable for those nation, who had a strong tie with UK for the trading aspect to European Union and these nations got affected when the UK leaves the EU. Trade cost will also expected to increase but Chandran (2017) stated that this cost will be based on the relationship between the UK and the EU after Brexit. The major reason of the cost of trade will be then decided by free trade agreement (FTA), customs formalities and VAT along with the market access measures like quotas and tariffs. It is also expected that the extent of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) also includes the financial aspects of health, safety and environment standards. Businesspeople and economist also expected that business can expect new trading regime from 2019. Thus, another arguments that can be stated from the prior observation is that the increase in the price of the trade between the UK and other European Union nations damaging the export and import aspect of the international trade. This affirms the major argument of the essay statement that is the assumption of increasing globalization and trade has been called into question after the post- Brexit. Different nat ions are affected differently; taken for instance, 9% of the Belgian goods exports destination was the United Kingdom. In terms its size of economy, Belgium ranks fourth to export to the European Union. However after brexit, their position gone down to the fifth rank and only 5% of the total imports from UK is going to Belgium. Another example is for Germany, which is the largest trading nation according to the volume. Hine (2017) stated that the affected industry from the Brexit are- electronic equipment manufacturers, automobile industries and especially the food processing industries. Lee (2017) argued furthermore that even the UK will be affected from post-Brexit world. 57.5% of the automobile export is made by UK to the EU market. In addition to that, the services sectors are most impacted post-Brexit. The service sector of UK is also expected to be affected more as 80% of the services sector in UK provide financial and banking services to the EU nations and community that afte r Brexit will be affected. The transfer pricing may be impacted from Brexit as it influences the trade-based fiscal regulation. The countries of EU have to pay tax for transporting products and services. In some cases, the price of the products can be double taxed due to intercompany transactions (Warner, 2017). Hobolt (2016) stated that this system of double tax can be avoided through EU arbitration convention which is a matter of question after the UK leaves the EU, as during that time UK will no longer a party to EU fiscal legislation. Akman et al. (2017) furthermore stated that the Brexit impacts the supply chain management. Elliott (2017) depicted that companies intends to support globalization focuses on decrease in the cost of sourcing and delivery. Moreover, these companies also values for higher service levels and quality of the products and services. The articles published in CNBC provided a statement that a huge part of the UK trade is associated with the global supply chain. Moreover, the gross trade is associated with value added services and 41% of the value added in exporting flow comes from European Union that is only 12% in number from the United States (Chandran, 2017). It is also expected that after Post-Brexit, the EU have to balance their current global supply chains. Adler-Nissen et al. (2017) highlighted a significant argument that is the last two decades, EU has negotiated total of 36 Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with other 58 non-EU countries. Elliott (2017) states that all these negotiation ta ken by EU are for the business and trading benefits of the member nation but UK will not be able to benefit from these negotiations once it leaves EU. However, even if UK alone desire to develop negotiation of business and trading with all other nations, the process will be time consuming and expensive. Economists also believed that there will be a macro-economic effect on trading concerning post-Brexit. The research of Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) found that Brexit leads to diminish the bilateral trade between EU and the UK. This furthermore resulted in reductions in GDP per capita as higher trading cost impact the efficiency of the resources allocation. According to the research it is estimated that other 27 EU nation and the UK may face up to 0.8% and 3.4% reduction in GDP respectively (Hobolt, 2016). It is also found that the greater loss of GDP may have to be faced by Netherlands, Belgium and Ireland (Hobolt, 2016). In terms of implications, some political approaches can be taken like avoid the Brexit from EU nation. In this case, the EU nation can offer incentive so that the exit of Britain can be discouraged. Even if this approach fails, the union may suggest the other member nations to choose different benefits of EU membership (Cumming Zahra, 2016). A mutual and favourable FTA should be established so that no nation will be adversely impacted by the political decisions. The business agreements and supply chain should be balanced effectively so that adverse impact on globalization can be diminished. Conclusion It can be concluded that Britain desire to quit their membership from European Union. The benefits that was predicted by the political leaders was following less regulation, ability ot formulate new trading rules according to the convenience along with huge savings on European Union contributions and ability to formulate skills-based migration policy. However, disadvantages like higher trading costs; imbalance in existing supply chain frameworks, loss of access to the single market, diminished GD of the two nations was neglected during the time. 51.89% of the British people voted in favor of Brexit in which the older people are maximum to vote. They have compared the past situation with the present; however, overlook the future requirement. The consequences of the Post-Brexit are uncertain outcome in the economy of production sectors, loss of influence over the single markets rules, lower rates of migration and economic disruption impacts the saving of British government that they us ed to give to EU during the membership. The government and authority members of the nation should take proper implications like offer incentive to UK for not leaving the EU, formulation of new trading agreement that will not affect the other participating nation. References Adler-Nissen, R., Galpin, C., Rosamond, B. (2017). Performing Brexit: How a post-Brexit world is imagined outside the United Kingdom. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 1369148117711092. Akman, M. S., Berger, A., Dadush, U., Evenett, S., Johnson, L., Mendez-Parra, M., ... Schmucker, C. (2017). Key policy options for the G20 in 2017 to support an open and inclusive trade and investment system. BBC News. (2017). Eight reasons Leave won the UK's referendum on the EU - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36574526 [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Chandran, N. (2017). Is Brexit a vote against globalization?. [online] CNBC. Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2016/06/28/how-brexit-impacts-globalization.html [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Cumming, D. J., Zahra, S. A. (2016). International Business and Entrepreneurship Implications of Brexit. British Journal of Management, 27(4), 687-692. Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. I., Rappoport, V., Sampson, T., Thomas, C. (2017). UK trade and FDI: A post-Brexit perspective. Elliott, L. (2017). Brexit is a rejection of globalisation. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/jun/26/brexit-is-the-rejection-of-globalisation [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Goodman, P. (2017). Turbulence and Uncertainty for the Market After Brexit. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/business/international/brexit-financial-economic-impact-leave.html?mcubz=1 [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Hine, R. (2017). Sink or Swim? UK Trade Arrangements after Brexit. Bruges Political Research Papers 57/2017. Hobolt, S. B. (2016). The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(9), 1259-1277. Lee, D. (2017). Will the 'Brexit' mark the end of the age of globalization?. [online] latimes.com. Available at: https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-brexit-globalization-future-20160624-snap-story.html [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Warner, J. (2017). If this is the end of globalisation, what hope for UK trade post Brexit?. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/07/19/if-this-is-the-end-of-globalisation-what-hope-for-uk-trade-post/ [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-66754480774310215722019-11-28T13:36:00.001-08:002019-11-28T13:36:05.386-08:00Hamlet Essays (1196 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Prince Hamlet Hamlet In Shakespear's Hamlet, the reader gets to know what has been called the "two Hamlets in the play," the first who is considered to be the sensitive intellectual who is able to express himself through poetry and who comes across as being dedicated to truth. The other, barbaric side of Hamlet who treats Ophelia so cruelly with no empathy, slays Polonius and speaks of dragging his guts into another room, and who sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths without any remorse. However, most interpreters of Hamlet see him as a "tragic hero" with a clear and sacred obligation to kill Claudius but due to his being a victim of great external difficulties, is unable to do so right away. Shakespeare purposely makes Hamlet out to be a procrastinator for one very important reason, if Hamlet would have quickly pursued this revenge, Gertrude, Polonius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Laertes, and of course Hamlet himself would have survived and Shakespeare would not have achieved tragedy in this play. There are many explanations for Hamlet's long delay, some of which include the physical act of being unable to commit the murder and what held him back, the fear of what would happen, the moral dilemma of taking the life of his uncle, his disbelief in the ghost, and his fascination with death. The most important reason being that which physically held him back from committing the act. If Hamlet were to carry out what the Ghost told him and carried out immediate revenge, how would Hamlet have been able to convince the people that he justifiably executed an act of revenge. Another reason Hamlet procrastinates is that his psychological feelings confuse his ability to "confront his destiny." Hamlet's dilemma has little to do with what decisions he should take, but rather whether he will be able to make any decisions at all. Perhaps due to his excessive melancholy Hamlet became morally weakened and therefor lost his desire for revenge. As Hamlet states "my weakness and my melancholy"(II.ii.630) and his "wild and whirling words"(I.v.133) his mood shifts from deep depression to elation, which might explain his indecisiveness throughout the play. Hamlet is a man of talk. He is imply unable to carry out actions which he wants to. In his own words, ". . .the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought."(III.i.84-85) Here it becomes clear that when Hamlet thinks he has finally made a decision, thinking about it causes him to change his mind or simply put it off. The one time Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius and achieve his revenge is when Claudius is confessing his sins. Here, Hamlet does not kill him because if Claudius were to die right then, he would have gone to heaven. Something which Hamlet does not want to see happen. Of course, there are also moral roadblocks which prevent Hamlet from immediately acting upon the Ghost's orders. According to Goethe's interpretation of Hamlet, he is "lovely, pure, and moral nature, without the strength of nerve which forms a hero." However, Goethe's compatriot, Schleger sees Hamlet having "no firm belief either in himself or in anything else, in the resolutions which he so often embraces and always leaves unexecuted, his weakness is too apparent. His far fetched scruples are often mere pretexts to cover his want of determination. . .." Hamlet becomes the "creature of mere mediation" because of his overbalanced cognition. Hamlet always finds a way out of what he was about to do because he ends up thinking about it for too long. This leads him being known as a character whom is full of purpose, but lacks the quality required to accomplish that purpose. Most of these issues are simply due to Hamlet's over analyzation of morals. When Hamlet sees how promptly Pyrrhus acted towards the death of his father in scene II, he promptly denounces himself as a coward and cries out for vengeance: Bloody, bawdy villain! Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain! O, vengeance!(II.ii.608-610) it is at this point where Hamlet reveals his plan to "catch the conscience of the King." Again, however, even though he vows to sweep to his revenge, weeks pass and he has not even made an attempt. Perhaps it is because of Hamlet's disbelief in the honesty of the Ghost which causes such hesitation in Hamlet's actions. Hamlet is called upon to execute private vengeance, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, even though this is contrary to all Christian teachings. Hamlet therefor, gets erratic because he doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-39823012177609431222019-11-24T21:10:00.001-08:002019-11-24T21:10:06.042-08:00The Crimes of Child Killer Angela McAnultyThe Crimes of Child Killer Angela McAnulty Angela McAnulty sits on death row at the Coffee Creek Correctional Facility in Oregon after pleading guilty to the murder of her 15-year-old daughter Jeanette Maples, whom she literally tortured, beat, and starved to death. McAnulty also pled guilty to altering and destroying evidence in the case. Angela McAnultys Formative Years Angela McAnulty was born on October 2, 1968, in California. When she was 5 years old, her mother was murdered. She spent the remainder of her childhood living with her father and two brothers. Her father was abusive, often withholding food from the children as a form of punishment. At the age of 16, McAnulty began a relationship with a carnival worker and left home. It was during this time that she became involved with drugs. She later met Anthony Maples, with whom she had three children, two boys, Anthony Jr. and Brandon, and her daughter, Jeanette. She also had another child, a daughter named Patience, by another father. When Maples and McAnulty were incarcerated on drug charges, the children were placed in foster care. After her release from jail in 2001, McAnulty regained custody of Jeanette and Patience. In 2002, Angela met and married a long-haul truck driver named Richard McAnulty. They had a son soon after the marriage. By October 2006, the family relocated to Oregon, leaving Anthony Jr. and Brandon behind. The boys had sent letters to a judge requesting to stay in foster care rather than be returned to their abusive mother. Cries for Help Born on August 9, 1994, Jeanette Maples spent six of her first seven years in foster care prior to being returned to her mother. According to interviews with family members, Angela began abusing Jeanette soon after the two were reunited. Described as a good child, Jeanette attended public school and took her studies seriously. She was given perfect attendance awards in the seventh and eighth grade. However, in social interactions, Jeanette had a difficult time. Sent to school wearing torn, dirty tops and worn-out sweatpants, she was sometimes teased by her classmates. Despite her shyness, she managed to make a few friends, although she would only see them at school. Her mother did not allow her to invite friends to her home. In 2008, after a friend spotted several bruises on Jeanette during gym class, she admitted that her mother did not allow her to eat and that she was abused. The friend told her parents and Child Protection Services (CPS) was contacted but the agency representatives were reluctant to respond to what they called second-hand information. A teacher was contacted who spoke to Jeanette who again admitted to being abused. She said was terrified of her mother. The teacher contacted CPS and reported her concerns. CPS went to the McAnulty home but closed the case after McAnulty denied abusing her daughter and blamed the accusations on Jeanette, whom she described as a compulsive liar. McAnulty subsequently pulled Jeanette out of school, saying that she was going to home school her daughter. This left Jeanette completely isolated and greatly reduced any chances of her getting the help she so badly needed. In 2009 another call was made to the CPS, this time by an anonymous caller who later turned out to be Lee McAnulty, Jeanettes grandmother. She called CPS after seeing how grossly underweight Jeanette had become. The child also had a split lip, both conditions Angela McAnulty dismissed when it was suggested that she should take her daughter to a doctor. Over the following months, Jeanettes grandmother called CPS several times but the agency did not follow up on the calls. Her last call was made within days of Jeanettes death. The Death of Jeanette Maples On December 9, 2009, at around 8 p.m., Angela McAnulty told emergency personnel responding to a 9-1-1 call made from her home that her daughter Jeanette was not breathing. Paramedics found the small, thin-framed 15-year-old girl in the living room. Jeanettes hair was wet and she wasnt wearing a top. She had no pulse. McAnulty told the paramedics that Jeanette had fallen down and seemed fine an hour before she stopped breathing. However, a brief exam of the dying girl told a different story. Jeanette had multiple bruises on her face, cuts above her eye, and scars on her lips. She was so emaciated that she looked much younger than her age. Jeanette was transferred to the hospital where she was pronounced dead at 8:42 p.m. The Criminal Investigation At the hospital, Dr. Elizabeth Hilton examined Jeanette and found that her face was disfigured from severe bruising. There were scars and deep wounds on her head, legs and back, including an exposed femur. Her front teeth were broken and her lips were pulverized. It was determined that Jeanettes dehydrated, starved and beaten body was not a result of a simple fall. The police searched the McAnulty home and found a blood-splattered bedroom that family members admitted McAnulty tried to clean before calling 9-1-1 to come to the aid of her dying daughter. Richard McAnulty also admitted that Angela wanted to bury Jeanette rather than call 9-1-1 but he had insisted on calling for help. He made the call while Angela attempted to hide evidence of the abuse that had gone on inside the home. The two children in the McAnulty home were interviewed. Patience told police that Angela and Richard were starving Jeanette and that Angela beat Jeanette repeatedly. She later said that Richard and Angela often struck Jeanette across the mouth with shoes or their hands. Police Interview of Angela McAnulty During the first police interview, Angela McAnulty tried to convince detectives that Jeanettes injuries were caused by a fall. She said her husband was responsible for disciplining the children and that she had never hurt Angela. She changed her story only after investigators apprised her that they had spoken to other family members whod described the abuse Angela routinely inflicted on Jeanette. When questioned about Jeanettes dehydrated and starved condition, McAnulty said it was a result of ignorance, not neglect. She told detectives, The reason why shes so skinny, honest to God, is when she split her lip awhile back, I did not know exactly how to feed her. The investigators continued to challenge McAnultys version of the facts until she eventually broke and began to tell them what really happened. I did wrong, she said. I should never have spanked my daughter with a belt. I shouldnt have done that. That was horrible of me. I shouldnt have done any of that stuff that I did. I shouldnt have done hands up. I understand that. I am very sorry. I dont know how I can take it back. But when it came to what McAnulty assumed was the final blow that caused her daughters death, she refused to take the blame. I didnt do the injury on the head. I did not do that, she told detectives. I know that she probably died because of the injury on her head, through the skull when she fell down. I did not kill my daughter over a spanking. I didnt do that. McAnulty told detectives that maybe she should have taken up smoking to help relieve the stress that Jeanette caused. I guess the things she did just got to me, she went on to explain. I dont know. Honest to God, I dont know. Im sorry. I am sorry. Torture and Starvation Angela and Richard McAnulty were arrested and charged with aggravated murder by intentionally maiming and torturing Jeanette Maple. Based on the evidence found at the McAnulty home, autopsy reports, and interviews with the Angela and Richard McAnulty, their children, and other relatives, prosecutors determined that the following took place over the course of several months: McAnulty punished Jeanette regularly using different methods of abuse and torture. To hide the abuse from the other children in the home, she would bring Jeanette into her bedroom, later described by prosecutors as the torture room, turn on the vacuum cleaner to mask the sounds, force Jeanette to strip naked, and then she would repeatedly beat her with leather belts, sticks, and torture her with pliers.Tests on various objects found in the home would later show that they contained blood and pieces of Jeanettes flesh.Jeanette was deprived of food and water for days at a time. She was forced to drink water from the dogs bowl and the toilet bowl to quench her thirst.Dying tissue had been cut away, likely with a knife, from wounds that had become infected to the point of exposing bone on Jeanettes hip.Jeanette was forced to sleep on cardboard so that blood would not seep into the carpet. She was often left tied up after being beaten or forced to kneel with her arms behind her back as if handcuffed. McAnulty forced Patience to collect dog feces from the yard which McAnulty would smear over Jeanettes face and mouth.McAnulty forced Jeanette to stand facing the walls with her arms raised for hours at a time. Often she could only stand on one foot because her other foot was too injured from Angela stomping on it.Angela and Richard McAnulty hit Jeanette across the mouth with shoes and the backs of their hands, which pulverized her lips. Angela refused to get medical help for Jeanette which resulted in her lips healing from the inside out. The scar tissue that formed left her mouth deformed.McAnulty purposely beat Jeanette in areas that she had already caused severe damage, resulting in old wounds opening up and becoming infected. ââ¬â¹Disturbing Testimony by Jeanette Maples Half Sister ââ¬â¹According to testimony given by Patience, the half-sister of Jeanette Maples, Angela McAnulty began abusing Jeanette as soon as she regained custody of the child who was 7 years old at that time. Patience also spoke about an incident just days before Jeanette died, during which McAnulty showed her a wound about the size of a quarter on the back of Jeanettes head. McAnulty made the comment that if someone wasà ââ¬Å"stabbed in the back of the head with a branch, it would cause brain damage.â⬠à Patience went on to testify that by that time, Jeanette was acting strange and was incoherent. When asked about what she remembered during the time that Jeanette was first returned to McAnulty, Patience said that after McAnulty married Richard McAnulty in 2002, Jeanette was locked in a back bedroom so that she would ââ¬Å"not really be part of the family.â⬠She went on to describe how she witnessed both Angela and Richard abusing Jeanette, which including beating her with shoes and depriving her of food.ââ¬â¹ Sentencing Angela McAnulty was sentenced to death for the torture and murder of her daughter. Richard McAnulty was sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole until serving 25 years. He denied directly abusing Jeanette but admitted that he failed to protect her from her mother or to report the abuse to authorities. Anthony Maples v. Oregon Department of Human Services The State of Oregon agreed to pay $1.5 million to the estate of Jeanette Maples in a wrongful death lawsuit filed by her biological father, Anthony Maples, who was the sole heir to Jeanette Maples estate. It was determined that beginning in 2006, and ending with a call that was received the week before her death, CPS agents failed to investigate four reports of possible abuse of Jeanette Maples by her mother. Anthony Maples had no contact with his daughter for nearly 10 years prior to her murder, nor did he attend her memorial service. Under Oregon law, only a deceased persons parents, spouse, or children can be considered legal heirs. Siblings, who are not considered legal heirs, are unable to share in an estate. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-201309283212162232019-11-21T08:15:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:15:04.222-08:00Financial Management (Determine the year-to-year percentage annual EssayFinancial Management (Determine the year-to-year percentage annual growth in total net sales) - Essay Example From analysing the sales performance trends over the past five years, it is likely that the company will achieve its target of 10% sales growth for the year 2005. From year 2001 to 2003 the company has experienced a total negative growth of 48% , which has been reversed in 2004 with a growth of 36%. This is possibly with the recapturing of lost market shares or customers. The growth of 10% for 2005 will be a sales increase of only $ 834.00, which will take the overall sales of the company to US$ 9,168.00. It is still less than what the company were achieving in 2001 and therefore, the company is likely to recapture its lost sales and reach the 2005 targets. Use the Percentage Sales Method and a 20% increase in sales to forecast Micro Chip's Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period September 26, 2004 through September 25, 2005. Assume a 15% tax rate and restructuring costs of 2% of the new sales figure. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-24163412708811370122019-11-20T11:12:00.001-08:002019-11-20T11:12:07.072-08:00The Urban Schools in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 wordsThe Urban Schools in the United States - Essay Example tion in schools apart from the disparity in the enrollment rates of students as well as the availability of teachers belonging to different races and ethnic origins. ââ¬Å"Equity is central to the current reform movement in science education. Although all students are capable of understanding and doing science, persistent and widespread differences continue to exist in studentsââ¬â¢ access, retention, and achievement, depending on their culture, gender, race, and socioeconomic statusâ⬠(WCER, 2007). Besides, teachers and students are exposed to a lot of challenges in the urban schools. Background of Urban Schools In the United States, the education sector has been a major priority, with numerous efforts on reform being implemented to improve studentsââ¬â¢ performance. Urban schools in the United States are located in urban areas, where there are relatively high rates of poverty. Besides, the student population here possesses limited English proficiency and is, therefore r egarded as high need areas (Ruso, 2004). Gaskell (2012) claims that in the early years, wealth was accumulated by a limited number of individuals and, as a result, poverty levels in the urban areas increased significantly. The urban population in the United States increased as well, resulting in many differences, such as racism and inequality. The funding of schools among the wealthy and the poor districts remained fraught with inequality. The urban schools in the United States have, over the years, faced a declining level of test scores and high rates of violence. According to Stark (2011), urban schools in the 1800s have been started with an aim of providing immigrant parents with affordable places for their children to stay during the day as they worked in mills, factories or shops. By 1920, the urban... This essay approves that research on teacher turnover is examined and the situation in urban schools is related to the factors for teacher turnover that have emerged from the research. Finally, the review also presents factors that contribute to teachersââ¬â¢ motivation to stay in urban schools despite the difficult conditions. The researcher hopes that by looking at both the challenges and the motivating factors, this study will be contribute to the understanding of teacher retention in urban schools. There appears to exist a whole range of factors that demotivate teachers in general and science teachers in particular from continuing with the profession of teaching. While teachers receive only low salaries, the job is extremely demanding both in terms of time and physical as well as emotional stress it entails. The most unfortunate aspect of the job of teaching is the fact that a teacher is held wholly responsible and accountable for the behavior and results of students. The prof ession of teaching is too taxing, which prevents a teacher from attaining a balance between his or her personal and work life. This report makes a conclusion that teacher turnover is a particular problem in most of the urban schools. Negative reports about urban settings have discouraged properly qualified teachers from taking up teaching jobs in these schools. The high level of stress and exhaustion experienced in these schools also result in high teacher turnover. Despite the negative factors, however, there are some teachers that remain in the urban schools and they are motivated to provide quality education. The literature also reviews some of the teacher qualities that motivate teachers to teach in urban schools. doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-58162592162665207652019-11-18T04:45:00.001-08:002019-11-18T04:45:04.865-08:00Australian Carbon Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 wordsAustralian Carbon Policies - Essay Example It supports a reporting system on carbon emissions and is the most conspicuous regulation of carbon emissions in use to date. The Australian parliament did introduce a system for controlling the renewal of energy by passing the amendment on the energy targets. It provides that renewable sources of energy will produce approximately 20% of the nationââ¬â¢s electric power by the year 2020 (McKinsey, 2007). 1.1 The Current Legislation for Reporting Carbon Emission Data Since the beginning of the month of July in the year 2008, the Australian government did require that organizations provide precise information about their greenhouse emissions (Unerman, 2007). The stateââ¬â¢s legislative body did pass a law for regulating the reporting of emissions from greenhouses under the 2007 act on National Greenhouse reports. The administrators of this piece of legislation are the climate change department. The challenges coming from greenhouse emissions are under the regulation of the Water, Environment, Heritage and Arts division of the government (McKinsey, 2007). The government and various industries across the nation did take a deliberate initiative to regulate the number of emissions through the Greenhouse challenge plus scheme. ... This tax is payable by the large companies that are responsible for the emissions in the environment. It suggests that companies producing more than twenty five thousand tons of carbon should pay a total of twenty three dollars for each ton they produce. The tax proposal has the purpose of providing effectiveness in reducing the costs that the regime incurs in fight against greenhouse emissions (Schaltegger, Burritt and Petersen, 2008). These taxes do assist the administration in collecting information about the major emitters who do not pay up for their mistakes. The finances that come from this tax are usually put to the use of improving public institutions such as hospitals. This proposal does assist the administration in knowing the big carbon emitters within their economies. It also helps the leaders in knowing the amount of carbon emissions in their environment (Gray, 2000). 1.3 The Relationship between the Current and Proposed Carbon Policies and Environmental Management Accou nting. The use of environmental management accounting involves the application of the regular methods of identification, analyzing, managing and reduction of costs. This is done in ways that will benefit both the companies and their surroundings. This form of accounting is useful in identifying the matters affecting the implementation of the policies which aim at reducing the amounts of carbon emissions. These matters include the health crisis and safety problems that arise as a result of the emissions and the ignorance of the companies to the legislation (Gray, 2000).à doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2062956968920868347.post-44124806658730403362019-11-15T17:17:00.001-08:002019-11-15T17:17:11.127-08:00Erosive Potential of Fruit Juices on Primary TeethErosive Potential of Fruit Juices on Primary Teeth In Vitro evaluation of erosive potential of frozen and unfrozen fruit juices on primary teeth ABSTRACT: Dental erosion has gained importance now as a steadily growing public health problem world wide. Fruit juices are an important etiological factor, especially consumption in frozen forms, like fruit lollies and stick. Since this dietary habit is more prevalent among children, primary teeth were selected for this study. AIMS: To evaluate pH and titratable acidity of four fruit juices in frozen and unfrozen forms. Calcium dissolution and pattern of etching of enamel by these juices in frozen and unfrozen forms were also determined. DESIGN: pH of four different juices apple, orange, musumbi and grapes were determined using a digital pH meter. The titratable acidity of these in frozen and unfrozen forms were determined by adding 0.5 ml of 1N NaOH to these, till a pH=five and pH = seven were reached. Forty eight caries free deciduous anterior teeth specimens were prepared to study the etching pattern by scanning electron microscope [SEM] and calcium dissolution by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and pair wise multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: Increase in titratable acidity, irregular pattern of etching and calcium dissolution were found to be significantly more in the initial thawed frozen fruit juices. Grape juice recorded the lowest pH and more titratable acidity when compared to other juices. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the detrimental effect on teeth by the frequent consumption of fruit juices and their frozen products. Th e study concluded that sucking on the frozen fruit juice products were more harmful than consuming in unfrozen state because more of erosion occurs in frozen state. Key words: Frozen fruit juices, pH, titratable acidity, erosion, etching, SEM. Introduction: ââ¬Å"HEALTHY LIVING ââ¬Å"the key to survival has been emphasized by health professionals upon the old and young alike. The ââ¬Å"DIETARY FACTORâ⬠is gaining much accolade and health drinks in the form of fruit juices have gained tremendous popularity in this category. Parents regard these as being healthy and nutritious and a good source of Vitamin C.[1]. Experiments conducted on the animals to evaluate the erosive potential of fruit juices showed that these juices were ten times more destructive to the teeth than the whole fruit.[2] Most fruit juices have a low pH and acids which can decalcify the teeth.[3] Hence, the frequent consumption of these fruit drinks is directly related to dental morbidity, especially erosio n.[4]Dental erosion has been defined as superficial loss of dental hard tissue by a chemical process not involving bacteria.[5] The aetiopathogenesis can be varied (intrinsic and extrinsic factors),most important are dietary acids.[6] A modern habit among consumers is to freeze and suck out fruit lolly and candies.Sucking on frozen fruit juices has a greater risk for erosion due to slow consumption and longer time required to neutralize it[7].Sucking of the melting juices from the frozen product is a pleasurable experience along with increase in the initial acidity and buffering capacity.[8]Hence the frequent use of these could produce damaging effects on the teeth. Primary teeth were included in this study,because children are frequently involved in the consumption of frozen fruit juices and deciduous teeth are more susceptible to erosion than permanent teeth due to less mineralisation and immature enamel surface[9] The study was performed to evaluate the pH of four fruit juices in a frozen and unfrozen form. The titratable acidity of these fruit juices to be checked. The total amount of calcium dissolved in fruit juices from the teeth and to study the pattern of etched enamel on teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparation of juices: Two and half litres of four different fresh fruit juices namely apple, orange, grape and musumbi each were prepared with no added sugars or preservatives. These were allowed to equilibrate to room temperature. Specimen preparation: Fourty eight freshly extracted caries free deciduous anterior teeth were collected and were used in the study. Extracted teeth were completely coated with nail polish with the exception of a window on the enamel of the labial surface of approximately 2mm X 2mm in diameter. Method: Two and half litres of apple juice were shaken for 15sec and this was divided into four samples of 600ml each. First sample (600ml) of this was taken and calcium concentration was assessed. From this, 100 ml was separated, pH and titratable acidity were determined.Then another 100 ml was taken and a prepared tooth specimen was dipped in it for two hrs.(For assessment of calcium etching pattern at room temp). Remaining 400ml was taken in a bottle, sealed and placed in a recorded (-200c) deep freezer for 24 hrs. The bottle was taken and allowed to defrost. From this, initial 100ml was taken, pH and titratable acidity were determined. Then another 100 ml was taken and a prepared tooth was dipped in it for two hrs( For assessment of calcium etching pattern immediately after defrosting). Remaining 200 ml was defrosted for two hours. Then 100 ml of this was taken and pH and titratable acidity were determined. Another 100 ml was taken and a prepared tooth was dipped in it for two hrs (For assessment of calcium etching pattern two hrs after defrosting). This was repeated for remaining three samples (600ml each) of apple juice. The same procedure was done for the other three juices musumbi, orange and grape juice and the values recorded [Table1,2,3] Determination of pH and titratable acidity: pH was determined by using a pH meter (digital pH meter model ââ¬âEQ-612). After determining the pH, the juice was titrated against 1N( Na OH )Sodium hydroxide by adding 0.5ml of the same to the juice, mixed well and this were repeated until pH=five and pH=seven were reached to determine their titratable acidity. Assessment of calcium content: The teeth were carefully lifted out of the juices and the juices were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for five min. With the help of micropipette [superfit] 200à ¼l of each of these samples of fruit juices were pipetted into the polypropylene tubes. Then 40à ¼l distilled water were rinsed into the polypropylene tubes with the fruit juices. Then concentrated nitric acid (120à ¼l) were added, the lid of the polypropylene tube sealed and the contents of the tube were wet washed, by leaving it at 600c for 12hrs. After cooling, 50à ¼l of one mol/L KCl solution (an ionization suppressant) and 680à ¼l of distilled water were added. Then samples were shaken and the calcium concentrations were determined by the use of a flame (nitrous oxide/acetylene) atomic absorption spectrophotometer. To obtain calcium content of the fruit juices (without teeth), 200 à ¼l of the fruit juices were wet ashed and atomized exactly as mentioned above. Determination of etching pattern: The teeth specimens were prepared for SEM observation by dehydration followed by sputter coating of 20 nm of gold (JEOL,JFC 1100 E-JAPAN) and examined under a scanning electron microscope (JEOL,JSM-840A-JAPAN).Instant photomicrographs were made at X850,X1000 magnifications. Subsequently the X1000 magnification pictures were selected to compare the pattern of etched enamel surfaces. Statistical analysis: The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis by using One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and Pair wise multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction RESULTS: RECORDED pH VALUES OF FOUR FRUIT JUICES (Table 1) Based on the results obtained in Table 1, the pH values of all the juices were less than 5.5, which is the critical pH, below which enamel dissolves. Grape juice recorded the lowest pH of 2.2 among the juices. TITRATABLE ACIDITY VALUES OF FOUR FRUIT JUICES (Table 2) For all the four fruit juices tested, the volume of 0.5 ml 1N NaOH needed to reach pH=five and pH= seven were more for immediate defrosted( initial thawed )juices than the juices at room temperature and that defrosted for two hrs. Hence, the immediate defrosted juices had more titratable acidity compared to the juices tested at other temperatures. Among the juices, grape juice had more titratable acidity. CALCIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOUR SAMPLES OF FRUIT JUICES MEASURED BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER ( Table 3) The amount of calcium dissolution in the juices from the teeth were found to be significantly more in the immediate defrosted juices than the room temperature juices and that defrosted for two hours. Evaluation of SEM Images : Representative SEM photomicrographs at magnification X1000. For teeth immersed in juices at room temperature, relatively smooth and slightly etched enamel surfaces were seen.[Figures 1- 4] Teeth dipped in juices immediately after defrosting, showed maximal erosion. Among these, apple showed eroded surface with enhanced porosity[figure5],a honeycomb enamel prism pattern noted in musumbi similar to that seen in acid etched enamel[figure 6].Teeth in orange and grapes showed more erosion resembling type II acid etching pattern [figures 7,8]. In case of teeth kept in juices two hrs after defrosting, the changes were similar to those seen at room temperature [figures 9-12]. DISCUSSION: The awareness of the population about health has lead to an increased consumption of natural food products, especially fruits and fruit juices. But fruit juices contain substantial acids(eg: citric acid in citrus fruits, malic acid in apples, tartaric acid in grapes)[10]which have the potential to cause loss of tooth tissue.[11][12] Various extrinsic and intrinsic factors contribute to dental erosion like diet, medicaments, occupation, sports, GERD, peptic ulcer, uremia etc.[13][14]But most significant among these are dietary acids .[3][4][15] Dental erosion due to dietary acids are influenced by a variety of factors like pH, titratable acidity, temperature, concentration, frequency, and exposure time[16].Many host factors also modify erosion, most important is saliva[17].Reduced salivary flow rate leads to inadequate oral clearance of dietary acids. Consumption of juices at night increases the erosive potential as salivary flow rate is diminished during this period. [18].Also different studies on salivary flow rate indicated that young children have lower flow rate, resulting in defective oral clearance. [19]. Intake of dietary acids decreases pH of the oral environment. Gregory-Head B et al[20] suggested that the pH of the oral cavity affected the solubility of the dental tissues. The critical pH at which the chemical dissolution of enamel occurs is accepted to be 5.5à ±0.3.[4][21]In this study, all the four fruit juices namely in the order of grape, orange, musumbi and apple showed a pH below five, thus enhancing the enamel dissolution capacity.[22] Titratable acidity which denotes the hydrogen ion availability has been acknowledged as a true indicator of erosive potential rather than pH value alone[23].Studies conducted by Touyz etal[8] have shown that fruit juices have a high intrinsic buffering capacity.Modifying the form in which the fruit drinks are taken (sweets or frozen lollies) is expected to increase erosion[24][25]. Sucking frozen fruit juices could be more erosive than unfrozen fruit juices because of increase in buffering capacity of initial thawed juice[8][26].. The acidity increases on freezing, as the physical state of the residual juice changes. When juice is frozen, water alone is solidified to ice without the solute. The solutes accumulates undiluted (concentrated). When juice is defrosted, the initial(concentrated) melt is more acidic with increased buffering capacity Thus sucking on these could cause a greater fall in oral pH and requires more buffering action to normalize the oral environment pH .As the remaining ice melts and dilutes the solution back to pre-freezed state, the buffering capacity diminishes.[8] The calcium dissolution potential of these fruit juices was analyzed. It was found to be more in the initial thawed fruit juices than juices tested at other temperatures. This is in accordance with the findings of M.Silove [8][26] who suggested that sucking frozen fruit juices can lead to more calcium dissolution than unfrozen juices. Also in our study, lowest calcium concentration was found in grape juice which is in accordance with studies stating that the erosive potential of drinks are associated with low calcium concentration[27] SEM was done to qualitatively estimate enamel surface alterations. Irregular and pitted enamel surface were observed in teeth exposed to frozen juices than at room temperature and after two hours of defrosting. Different etching patterns as described earlier were observed. [28-30] Similar studies were done on commercially available fruit juices and they are found to be 6-8 times more erosive than homemade juices. [31-33]The significance of this study was that, it was done in pure fruit juices, in frozen and unfrozen forms and multiple parameters were analyzed. The results showed that even pure fruit juices had erosive potential, especially in frozen forms. This study was done in vitro conditions, the results cannot be completely extrapolated to in vivo process, as interplay of various oral factors like salivary buffering capacity and flow rate to counteract erosion were not included in the study. [17] Recommendations: Although fruit juices are good for health, the frequency, method of drinking and the form in which they are consumed are important factors in dental erosion. Since children are frequently involved in the sucking of frozen fruit juice products, pediatric dentists should strongly discourage them from practicing this form of habit. Advise them to avoid fruit juices at bedtime and always rinse mouth with water after consumption of juices. Another point to consider is the use of additives which alter the pH and titratable acidity, thereby reducing the erosive potential of fruit juices. This requires further study. References: 1. Touyz L.Z.G . The Vitamin C contents of foods. J DASA 1982;37:444-48 2. Miller C.D.Enamel erosive properties of fruits and fruit juices.J Nutr 1950;41:63-67. 3. Touyz L.Z.G,Glassman R.M. Citrus acids and teeth. J DASA 1981;36:195-201 4. Eccles J.D,Jenkins W.G. Dental erosion and diet. J Dent 1974;2:153-159 5. R.Rajendran, author. Shaferââ¬â¢s textbook of Oral Pathology,5th Edition. Elsevier India 6. Lussi A,Jaeggi T,Zero D.The role of diet in the etiology of dental erosion.Caries Res 2004;38 suppl 1;34-44. 7. Kevin H-K Yip,Roger J Smales,John A Kaidonis.The diagnosis and control of extrinsic acid erosion of tooth substance.General dentistry 2003;350-353. 8. Touyz L.Z, Silove M. Increased acidity in frozen fruit juices and dental implications.ASDC J Dent child 1993;60:223-225. 9. Johansson AK,Sorvari R,Birkhed D,Meurman JH.Dental erosion in deciduous teeth-an in vivo and in vitro study.J Dent 2001;29:333-40. 10. Eccles J.D. Erosion affecting the palatal surfaces of upper anterior teeth in young people.Br Dent J.1982;152:375-378 11. Touyz L.Z.G. Apples, acids and teeth. S.A.J Sci 1980;76:200-201. 12. Grobler S.R,Aalbers J and Vander Horst G. The pH, calcium, potassium and phosphorus content in South African fruit juices. J. Dieteics Home Econ 1983;11:95-98 13.Jarvinen VK,Rytomaa II,Heinonen OP.Risk factors in dental erosion.J Dent Res 1991;70:942-947 14.Zero DT.Etiology of dental erosion-Extrinsic factors.Eur J Oral Sc 1996;104:162-177 15. Asher C,Read MJF. Early enamel erosion in children associated with the excessive consumption of citric acid. Br Dent J 1987;162:384-387 16. WestNX, Hughes JA, Addy M.Erosion of dentine and enamel in vitro by dietary acids:the effect of temperature,acid character,concentration and exposure time.J Oral Rehabil 2000;27:875-880. 17. Piangprach T,Hengtrakool C,Kukiattrakoon B,Kedjarune-Leggat U.The effect of salivary factors on dental erosion in various age groups and tooth surfaces.J Am Dent Assoc 2009 Sept;140(9):1137-43. 18.Millward A,Shaw L,Smith AJ,Rippin JW,Harrington E.The distribution and severity of tooth wear and relationship between erosion and dietary constituents in a group of children.Int J Pediatr Dent 1994;4:152-157 19.Crossner CG.Salivary flow rate in children and adolescents.Swed Dent J 1984;8:271-6 20. Gregory Head B, Curtis D. Erosion caused by gastro esophageal reflux :diagnostic considerations. J Prosthodont 1997;6:278-285 21.Jenkins,G.N.The physiology and biochemistry of the mouth.4th edition.Oxford, Blackwell,1978, pp 360-413. 22. Jenkins G.N. The influence of environmental fluids on enamel solubility.J Dent Res 1966;45:662-669. 23. Owens BM.The potential effects of pH and buffering capacity on dental erosion.Gen Dent 2007 Nov-Dec; 55(6):527-31. 24. M.J Larsen B.Nyvad. Enamel erosion by some soft drinks and orange juices relative to their pH buffering effect and contents of calcium phosphate. Caries Res 1999;33(Supplement 1):81-87 25. Holloway P.J , Mellanby M. and Stewart R.J.Fruit drinks and tooth erosion.Br Dent.J 1958;104:305-9 26. Louis LZ,G Touyz.The acidity and buffering capacity of Canadian fruit juices and dental implications. Scientific Journal 1994;60:454-48 27. West NX,Hughes JA, ParkerDM, Newcombe RG,Addy M.Development and evaluation of a low erosive black currant juice drink.2.Comparison with a conventional black currant juice drink and orange juice.J Dent1999 ;27:341-344 28. Imfeld T:Dental erosion.Definition,Classification and links.Eur J Oral Sci 1996;104: 151-155 29.Mannerberg F.Changes in the enamel surface in case of erosion.A replica study.Arch Oral Biol 1961;4:59-62 30.Silverstone,Saxton,Dogon. Variations in the pattern of acid etching of human enamel examined by SEM. Caries Res 1975;9:373. 31. Albert Schuurs.Pathology of the hard dental tissues.Ist edition.Wiley-Blackwell;2013. pp158-159 32. Shaw L,Smith A.Erosion in children:An increasing clinical problem?Dent Update 1994;21:103-106. 33. Tahmassebi JF, Duggal MS, Malik-Kotru G,Curzon MEJ.Soft drinks and dental health:a review of the current literature.J Dent 2006;34:2-11 doloresevans1994http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045913993614481235noreply@blogger.com0